人工智能和需要证明 (对患者) 的理由
Anantharaman Muralidharan1, Julian Savulescu1,2,3, G Owen Schaefer1
1Centre for Biomedical Ethics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
黑盒人工智能 (AI) 缺乏算法上的合理性,阻碍了共享的医疗决策. 合理的人工智能模型通过明确纳入患者价值观,为透明,协作性的治疗选择提供解决方案.
科学领域:
- 医学伦理 医学伦理
- 人工智能的人工智能
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
背景情况:
- 医疗保健中的共享决策要求对患者来说,治疗选择是合理的.
- 在医疗保健中常见的黑盒人工智能,往往缺乏透明度,使患者难以理解决策.
- 当前的人工智能模型可能无法充分与个体患者的价值观和偏好保持一致.
研究的目的:
- 认为黑盒人工智能缺乏算法合理性会破坏以患者为中心的医疗保健.
- 为了证明算法透明度本身如何无法确保患者导向的合理性.
- 引入和倡导一个假设的"合理的人工智能"模型,以改善共享决策.
主要方法:
- 医学AI中的算法合理性的概念分析.
- 批评黑盒人工智能在与患者价值观一致方面存在的局限性.
- 介绍一个假设的合理的人工智能模型框架.
主要成果:
- 黑盒人工智能决策很难让患者与他们的个人价值观相协调,因为缺乏明确的理由.
- 算法透明度不足以应对患者导向合理性的挑战.
- 拟议的合理人工智能模型明确纳入了规范性和评估性考虑.
结论:
- 合理的AI模型比黑子替代品更好,以促进共享的医疗决策.
- 开发合理的人工智能对于增强患者的信任和遵守治疗计划至关重要.
- 在AI中明确建模患者价值观对于道德和有效的医疗保健应用是必不可少的.
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