敏和长期正念对神经活动和注意力的冲突解决部分的影响
Dehan Elcin1, Miguel Velasquez2, Paul J Colombo1,2
1Department of Psychology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States.
Frontiers in human neuroscience
|March 7, 2024
概括
正念练习可以防止与年龄相关的认知衰退. 一个单一的会话改善了新手的冲突解决和大脑活动,使他们更像经验丰富的冥想者.
科学领域:
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
背景情况:
- 正念与提高注意力和解决冲突有关.
- 研究往往侧重于长期影响,对即时,单次会议的影响知之甚少.
- 认知冲突解决能力可能会随着年龄的增长而下降.
研究的目的:
- 研究单个正念课程对认知冲突解决的直接影响.
- 为了比较经验丰富的冥想者和初学者之间的冲突解决过程中的神经活动.
- 为了检查短暂的正念干预是否会改变新手的认知冲突解决.
主要方法:
- 参与者:20名经验丰富的冥想者,20名初学者.
- 干预:单个正念课程 (呼吸计数) 和对照.
- 措施:用于解决冲突的Stroop任务,用于大脑活动的功能近红外光谱 (fNIRS).
主要成果:
- 初学者表现出与年龄相关的冲突解决速度下降;经验丰富的冥想者没有.
- 经验丰富的冥想者在冲突解决过程中显示出更大的左背侧前额叶皮层 (DLPFC) 激活.
- 干预后,正念组的新手表现出类似于经验丰富的冥想者的神经活动模式.
结论:
- 长期的正念经验可以缓冲与年龄相关的认知冲突解决速度下降.
- 一次正念会话可以调节与认知冲突解决相关的神经处理,特别是在新手中.
- 正念干预措施可能对易受衰老影响的认知功能产生保护作用.
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