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SARS-CoV-2 Omicron亚变体的受体结合域准Siglec-9,通过防止巨细胞灭菌,降低其免疫性
Xin He1, Xiantao Zhang1, Bolin Wu1
1Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Nature immunology
|March 7, 2024
概括
在Omicron尖端蛋白中的特定突变 (F375S) 通过恢复祖先序列,显著提高了疫苗免疫性. 这种修改改善了巨细胞的功能,并增强了针对SARS-CoV-2变种的疫苗反应.
科学领域:
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
背景情况:
- 严重急性呼吸道综合征冠状病毒2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron变种疫苗具有较低的免疫性.
- 奥米克朗的尖蛋白含有阻碍免疫反应,特别是巨细胞相互作用的序列.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定增强Omicron特定疫苗免疫原性的突变.
- 调查Omicron的尖端蛋白质逃避免疫检测的机制.
- 开发一种改进的双价纳米粒子疫苗.
主要方法:
- 利用逆转变异性来改变Omicron尖端蛋白序列.
- 分析了突变对巨细胞吸收和病毒颗粒细胞化的影响.
- 在动物模型中评估了新型双价疫苗的免疫性和中和抗体 (nAb) 反应.
主要成果:
- 在Omicron尖端蛋白中的位置375 (F375S) 的氨酸-氨酸突变使其恢复到祖先序列,显著提高了疫苗的免疫性.
- 奥米克朗尖峰序列FAPFFAF (位置371-377) 通过Siglec-9结合抑制巨细胞吸收和抗原呈现,这种结合由F375S突变取消.
- 一种含有F375S Omicron RBD和Delta-RBD纳米颗粒的双价疫苗在小鼠,子和 rhesus macaques 中引起了强大和广泛的中和抗体.
结论:
- F375S突变是增强Omicron疫苗免疫性的一个关键因素.
- 通过修改尖端蛋白序列来准Siglec-9通路,为改善针对SARS-CoV-2的疫苗疗效提供了一个有希望的策略.
- 开发的双价纳米粒子疫苗显示了针对SARS-CoV-2变种的广泛保护的潜力.
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