免疫力下降可以驱动反复出现的感染浪潮
Desmond Z Lai1, Julia R Gog1,2
1Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics (DAMTP), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Mathematical biosciences and engineering : MBE
|March 8, 2024
概括
仅仅免疫力下降就可能导致传染病人数持续波动. 随着免疫力减弱,个体变得更加易受感染,导致感染激增和循环模式. 这一发现突显了疾病动态的一个关键因素.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 数学生物学 数学生物学
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
背景情况:
- 传染病的动态受出生,季节性和病原体演变等因素的影响,这可能导致感染率的波动.
- 免疫力下降,即对感染或疫苗接种的保护随着时间的推移而下降,是疾病持久性和传播的关键方面.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查免疫力下降是否足以在传染病模型中产生持续的振荡.
- 介绍和分析一种新的离散时间模型 (SIRWY),该模型包括完全和部分免疫力减弱.
主要方法:
- 开发一个离散时间易感-传染性-免疫性-感染性 (SIRWY) 模型.
- 分析SIRWY模型,包括特殊情况,如具有几何和固定的衰减/恢复时间的离散时间SIRS.
- 离散时间SIRWY模型与其连续时间模拟 (具有指数分布的经典SIRS) 的比较.
主要成果:
- 免疫力减弱被证明是产生感染人数持续波动的足够机制.
- 离散时间SIRWY模型,与连续时间对应模型不同,可以产生持续的振荡.
- 特定的参数选择和免疫力减弱的特征显著影响这些振荡的发生和持续.
结论:
- 免疫力下降是传染病流行率周期性波动的独立驱动因素.
- 免疫损失和恢复的离散性质对于观察持续振荡至关重要,这种现象在连续时间模型中减少.
- 了解免疫力减弱的细微差别对于预测和管理传染病爆发至关重要.
更多相关视频
15:57Application of Long-term cultured Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay for Assessing Effector and Memory T Cell Responses in Cattle
Published on: July 11, 2015
12.2K
09:17A DNA/Ki67-Based Flow Cytometry Assay for Cell Cycle Analysis of Antigen-Specific CD8 T Cells in Vaccinated Mice
Published on: January 5, 2021
7.3K
相关概念视频
Immunological Memory
611
Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...
611
Vaccinations
44.5K
Overview
44.5K
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens
781
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
781
Infection
7.9K
When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
7.9K
Viral Recombination
23.4K
Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
23.4K
Cell-mediated Immune Responses
68.3K
Overview
68.3K
