使用COM-B模型管理超重和肥胖的行为改变的促进者和障碍者
Vladimira Timkova1, Daniela Minarikova2, Lubomira Fabryova3,4,5
1Department of Social and Behavioural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef (PJ) Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia.
Frontiers in psychology
|March 8, 2024
概括
自我效能和自尊是促进体重管理行为改变的关键心理资源. 干预措施应针对这些因素,以及年龄和关系状况,以制定有效的公共卫生战略.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 行为科学 行为科学
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
背景情况:
- 越来越多的超重和肥胖率构成了全球公共卫生挑战.
- 使用COM-B模型 (能力,机会,动机,行为) 来理解和针对行为变化.
- 识别体重管理行为改变的促进者和障碍者至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估使用COM-B模型评估体重管理行为改变的潜在促进者和障碍.
- 研究心理资源的作用,如自我效能和自尊在体重管理中的作用.
- 为制定针对肥胖的有针对性的公共卫生干预措施提供信息.
主要方法:
- 这项研究涉及139名来自初级保健机构的超重和肥胖成年人.
- 参与者完成了行为变化简要测量 (COM-B),一般自我效能度量 (GSE),罗森伯格自尊度量 (RSE) 和整体健康评估 (OEH).
- 用多重线性回归分析来检查变量之间的关联.
主要成果:
- 心理资源,特别是自我效能 (p < 0.001) 和自尊 (p < 0.05),显著促进了健康行为的改变.
- 当包括心理资源时,社会人口统计学和临床变量与COM-B领域的关联减少.
- 自动动机与更高的年龄,关系状况和更好的健康状况有关,但与心理资源无关.
结论:
- 体重管理的行为干预应该针对特定的COM-B组件,强调自我效能和自尊.
- 量身定制的公共卫生干预措施应纳入心理资源,以提高能力,机会和动机.
- 针对年轻人,单身人士和患有慢性疾病的人,可能会在体重管理中促进可持续的行为改变.
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