极端降雨暴露评估协议根据种族和社会脆弱性进行修改
Kyle T Aune1, Benjamin F Zaitchik2, Frank C Curriero3
1Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Frontiers in epidemiology
|March 8, 2024
概括
来自气象站和网格数据集的极端降水事件 (EPE) 数据显示了相当或中等的协议. 具有较低社会经济地位和更高社会脆弱性的地区表现出最少的协议,突出了对弱势群体潜在暴露错误分类.
科学领域:
- 环境科学环境科学
- 气候科学气候科学
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 极端降水事件 (EPE) 的流行病学研究经常使用气象站数据,这可能引入测量错误和偏差.
- 由于天气站的位置,社会脆弱的人群可能会经历差异性暴露错误分类.
- 网格式气候数据集提供更高的空间分辨率,可能减少测量误差.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较地面气象站和网格气候数据集之间的EPE识别协议.
- 评估EPE检测在美国各地的空间和时间一致性模式.
- 评估社会人口统计学因素与EPE识别中的共识之间的关联.
主要方法:
- 来自全球历史气候网络 (GHCN) 气象站的每日降水数据与PRISM和NLDAS的网格数据进行比较.
- 分析的EPE被定义为降雨事件的前1%或每日降雨>1英寸.
- 从1991年到2020年,检查了从1991年到2020年连续的美国人口普查区和县的协议.
主要成果:
- 数据集之间的一致性从相当到适度 (1991-2020年).
- 在地面站和网格数据集之间观察到空间和时间的不同.
- 在距离地面站最远的地区发现了较低的协议,与较低的社会经济地位,较高的美洲原住民人口和更大的社会脆弱性相关.
结论:
- 靠近地面站影响了EPE识别的协议,偏远的,脆弱的地区显示出较少的协议.
- 必须考虑EPE数据源中的局限性和潜在偏差,特别是对于弱势群体.
- 让弱势社区参与是优先考虑和改善基于气候的威胁监测的关键.
相关概念视频
Precipitation and Co-precipitation
1.8K
Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
1.8K
Strategies for Assessing and Addressing Confounding
100
Confounding is a critical issue in epidemiological studies, often leading to misleading conclusions about associations between exposures and outcomes. It occurs when the relationship between the exposure and the outcome is mixed with the effects of other factors that influence the outcome. Given that, addressing confounding is of high importance for drawing accurate inferences in research.
Confounding can be addressed at both the design phase of a study and through analytical methods after data...
Confounding can be addressed at both the design phase of a study and through analytical methods after data...
100
Precipitation Processes
446
The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
446
Responses to Drought and Flooding
10.7K
Water plays a significant role in the life cycle of plants. However, insufficient or excess of water can be detrimental and pose a serious threat to plants.
10.7K
What is Climate?
18.5K
Climate refers to the prevailing weather conditions in a specific area over an extended period. As the saying goes, “Climate is what you expect. Weather is what you get.” Climate is influenced by geographic factors, such as latitude, terrain, and proximity to bodies of water.
18.5K
Bias in Epidemiological Studies
265
Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:
265


