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相关概念视频

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

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Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
12.4K
Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

14.1K
Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
14.1K
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

17.1K
Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
17.1K
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

18.4K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
18.4K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

14.3K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
14.3K
Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

17.1K
Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
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晶体结构在固体-固体相变中的匹配.

Fang-Cheng Wang1, Qi-Jun Ye1,2, Yu-Cheng Zhu1

  • 1State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Frontier Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China.

Physical review letters
|March 8, 2024
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

我们开发了一个新的理论框架来对固体-固体相位过渡的晶体结构匹配 (CSM) 进行分类. 该方法系统地识别所有可能的匹配,揭示了钢铁中的新机制.

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科学领域:

  • 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
  • 晶体学 晶体学是指结晶学.
  • 计算材料科学科学 计算材料科学

背景情况:

  • 固体-固体相位过渡涉及到晶体结构之间复杂的原子重新排列.
  • 目前用于描述晶体结构匹配 (CSM) 的方法有限,并且通常依赖于超级细胞,引入不确定性.
  • 了解CSM对于预测和控制相位转换至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 开发一个强大的理论框架来描述和分类所有可能的晶体结构匹配 (CSM).
  • 为探索固体-固体相位过渡机制提供系统和全面的方法.
  • 确定新的CSM,特别是用于钢中的马氏体转化.

主要方法:

  • 开发了一个理论框架,利用Hermite对整数矩阵的正常形式.
  • 利用转化和旋转对称性来进行超细胞独立的CSM描述.
  • 实施了一种枚举算法,以详尽地识别所有潜在的CSM.

主要成果:

  • 确定了许多候选CSM用于在钢中进行马氏体转化,其应变比已知的机制低.
  • 揭示了两个以前难以捉摸的CSM,对应于库尔杜莫夫-萨克斯和尼希亚马-瓦塞曼定向关系.
  • 证明了该框架能够在传统优化方案之外全面列出CSM的能力.

结论:

  • 提出的理论框架为研究固体-固体相位过渡机制提供了一个全面而有效的策略.
  • 赫尔米特正常形式提供了一个强大的工具,用于对晶体结构关系的系统分析.
  • 这种方法有望促进对材料相变的理解和预测.