电动汽车电池化学影响供应链中断漏洞
Anthony L Cheng1, Erica R H Fuchs1, Valerie J Karplus1,2
1Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Nature communications
|March 8, 2024
概括
电动汽车电池化学品面临供应链风险. 铜 (NMC) 和铁 (LFP) 电池都容易受到干扰,特别是在中国加工的矿物质方面.
科学领域:
- 材料科学与工程 材料科学与工程
- 供应链管理 供应链管理
- 关键矿物质的地缘政治
背景情况:
- 电动汽车 (EV) 的采用正在迅速增加,推动对,,和等关键电池矿物质的需求.
- 不同的电动汽车电池化学成分,如,和 (NMC) 和酸铁 (LFP),利用这些矿物质在不同的比例.
- 了解与这些关键矿物质相关的供应链漏洞对于确保电动汽车生产的稳定性至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 分析NMC和LFP电动汽车电池化学品的供应链中断脆弱性.
- 识别关键矿物质 (,,,) 和它们的供应链点.
- 量化和比较与不同电池阴极材料相关的供应链风险.
主要方法:
- 绘制,,和的全球供应链.
- 开发和应用NMC和LFP阴极化学品的脆弱性指数.
- 利用网络流量优化来评估供应链的不确定性和风险.
主要成果:
- 无论是NMC和LFP电池化学品,都表现出供应链的重大脆弱性,其中高比例的矿物通过中国.
- 由于中国境外,和的集中供应来源,NMC电池面临额外的风险.
- 跨多个供应链阶段的累积脆弱性远远高于个别阶段发现的风险.
结论:
- 减少电动汽车电池供应链风险需要采用整体方法,在各个阶段解决漏洞.
- 矿产采购和加工的多样化,特别是通过中国过境的材料,至关重要.
- 对替代电池化学和弹性供应链战略的进一步研究是有必要的.
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