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在欧洲变暖的海洋中,海洋社区的热带化和脱北化交叉盆地和交叉税收模式

Guillem Chust¹, Ernesto Villarino^2,3, Matthew McLean⁴

¹AZTI Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Txatxarramendi Ugartea z/g, 48395, Sukarrieta, Spain. gchust@azti.es.

Nature communications

|March 8, 2024

概括

由于海洋变暖,海洋群落正在转变,温水物种增加 (热带化),冷水物种减少 (脱北化). 欧洲的海洋表现出不同的反应,半封闭的盆地特别脆弱.

科学领域:

海洋生态海洋生态学
气候变化影响气候变化的影响.
生物多样性生物多样性

背景情况:

全球海洋生态系统正在经历物种的重大重新分配.
海洋变暖,酸化,脱氧和改变初级生产是关键的驱动因素.
在物种交换背后的生态过程,如热带化和脱北化,是最近的争论.

研究的目的:

调查欧洲海域海洋群落平均热亲缘关系的变化.
要量化温水物种增加 (热带化) 和冷水物种减少 (脱北化) 的流行率.
评估各种海洋社区和地理区域对海洋变暖的不同反应.

主要方法:

利用了65个生物多样性时间系列,涵盖四十年和1,817个物种.
计算了社区温度指数 (CTI),以追踪平均热亲和度的变化.
分析了来自各种社区的数据,包括动物浮游生物,沿海盆地植物,各种无脊椎动物和鱼类.

主要成果:

在大多数社区和地点观察到对海洋变暖的显著反应.
热带化 (温水物种的增加) 在54%的社区发生,而脱北化 (冷水物种的减少) 影响了18%.
热带化在大西洋地区比在半封闭的盆地 (地中海,波罗的海) 更加普遍.

结论:

由于海洋变暖,欧洲的海洋正在经历巨大的生物多样性转变.
半封闭的盆地是非常脆弱的,呈现出更快的变暖速度和更大的生物多样性损失通过deborealization.
物理障碍可能会限制物种殖民,并影响半封闭海域的热带化模式.

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