相关概念视频
Intellectual Disability
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Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
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Dissociative Identity Disorder
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Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), previously termed multiple personality disorder, is a complex psychological condition characterized by the presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states. Each identity exhibits unique patterns of behavior, voice, and mannerisms and may possess separate memories and emotional responses. The alternating control between identities can result in memory gaps and challenges in recalling daily activities, often exacerbating the individual's...
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Language and Cognition
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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Learning Disabilities
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Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
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Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
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在智力障碍的法医精神病学问题.
1Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Newton, Massachusetts, USA.
Behavioral sciences & the law
|March 9, 2024
概括
智力障碍 (ID) 的人在司法系统中占有过多的比例,面临着独特的挑战. 法医评估需要适应的方法,以确保公平的法律程序和对ID个人的决策能力评估.
科学领域:
- 法医精神病学 法医精神病学
- 神经精神病学是一种神经精神病学.
- 关于残疾人的研究.
背景情况:
- 智力障碍 (ID) 的人在司法系统中占有不成比例的比例.
- 他们经常出现同时出现的精神疾病,身体缺陷,感官缺陷,语言障碍和不适应性行为.
- 法律环境中的缺点源于理解困难,缺乏适应和社会耻辱.
研究的目的:
- 突出智力残疾人在司法系统中面临的挑战.
- 强调在法医精神病学和神经精神病学中需要适应的评估方法.
- 概述法医顾问和专家证人的作用,以支持这些人.
主要方法:
- 在法医环境中审查有关智力障碍的现有文献.
- 分析法律理解和决策能力评估方面的挑战.
- 讨论法医评估所需的调整.
主要成果:
- 智力障碍提出了独特的法医评估需求.
- 标准评估方法往往对这一群体不够.
- 适应的方法对于准确的能力评估至关重要 (例如,医疗保健,自主,法律).
结论:
- 法医精神病学家和神经精神病学家必须适应智力障碍患者的评估技术.
- 住宿和专家教育对于确保正义和适当的法律结果至关重要.
- 需要专门的方法来解决综合性缺陷和系统性劣势.


