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相关概念视频

Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

Decision Making: Traditional Method

4.0K
The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
4.0K
Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

109
Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
109
Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

Decision Making: P-value Method

5.3K
The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim  is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses:  a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can...
5.3K
Reason and Intuition01:37

Reason and Intuition

6.4K
The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
6.4K
Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

240
Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
240
Problem-Solving01:29

Problem-Solving

165
Effective problem-solving consists of two steps: 1. identifying the problem and 2. selecting the appropriate problem-solving strategy (i.e., a plan of action used to find a solution). Humans use four problem-solving strategies:
165

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 1, 2025

Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents
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Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents

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探索和开发决策的结构和发展.

Madeline B Harms1, Yuyan Xu1, C Shawn Green1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1202 West Johnson Street, Madison, WI 53706, United States.

Cognitive psychology
|March 10, 2024
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

人类的学习包括平衡已知的信息与新的经验. 年轻人比成年人更灵活地探索,在整个发展过程中调整学习策略.

关键词:
青少年时期 青春期决策方式 决策方式剥削 剥削 使用探索 探索 探索主要组件分析的主要组件分析.

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An Automated T-maze Based Apparatus and Protocol for Analyzing Delay- and Effort-based Decision Making in Free Moving Rodents
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The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
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Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents
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An Automated T-maze Based Apparatus and Protocol for Analyzing Delay- and Effort-based Decision Making in Free Moving Rodents
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科学领域:

  • 认知心理学 认知心理学
  • 发展心理学 发展心理学
  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.

背景情况:

  • 人类的学习需要平衡利用已知的信息与探索新奇的经验.
  • 了解勘探与开发决策的发展轨迹至关重要,但仍然不太了解.
  • 勘探包括随机的,无定向的行动和有针对性的努力,以减少不确定性.

研究的目的:

  • 研究人类学习中探索决策的基础组成过程.
  • 检查这些探索过程在不同发育阶段 (青少年与成年人) 之间如何变化.
  • 阐明在动态环境中学习的适应机制.

主要方法:

  • 使用各种任务,旨在测量探索的不同方面.
  • 青年与成人参与者之间的决策策略对比.
  • 分析了基于随机和定向组件的勘探决策.

主要成果:

  • 勘探决策包括随机的,非目标导向的勘探和旨在减少不确定性的有针对性的勘探.
  • 青年和成年人都展示了探索的这两个组成部分.
  • 与成年人相比,年轻的参与者表现出不那么战略性,但更探索性和灵活的决策.

结论:

  • 探索是一个多方面的过程,涉及随机和定向组件,对学习至关重要.
  • 探索策略的发育差异突出了适应性学习机制.
  • 这些发现有助于了解个人如何在一生中从不断变化的环境中导航和学习.