为什么要限制医疗有效的利他主义?
1Department of Philosophy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
Bioethics
|March 11, 2024
概括
挑战性试验涉及故意让志愿者接触病原体,以测试治疗方法. 这项研究认为,将研究风险与社会风险进行比较,例如服兵役,表明可以接受的志愿者风险没有限制.
科学领域:
- 生物伦理学生物伦理学
- 医学研究伦理学医学研究伦理学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 挑战性试验涉及对受控的病原体暴露,以测试医疗干预.
- 医疗有效利他主义 (MEA) 描述的是个人为公众利益志愿服务,接受风险.
- 生物伦理学家提出了挑战试验的伦理异议,特别是在COVID-19疫苗开发期间.
研究的目的:
- 在挑战性试验中批判性地评估研究受试者承担的风险的伦理允许性.
- 为了解决缺乏一个明确的框架来判断可接受的危害水平在研究.
- 为了检查亚历克斯伦敦的研究风险的社会一致性测试.
主要方法:
- 对挑战试验的生物伦理异议的分析.
- 评估亚历克斯伦敦研究风险的社会一致性测试.
- 将挑战试验中的风险与其他社会领域,特别是志愿军人服务中接受的风险进行比较.
主要成果:
- 该研究得出的结论是,挑战性试验中的核心伦理问题是确定对受试者的允许风险水平.
- 应用社会一致性测试,特别是通过将研究风险与志愿兵役的风险进行比较,表明在可接受风险上没有固有的上限.
- 这意味着,如果社会规范允许士兵接受高风险,那么类似的接受也可能延伸到研究志愿者身上.
结论:
- 社会一致性测试,当广泛应用时,在挑战试验中不提供可接受风险的最终限制.
- 志愿兵役作为一个相关的社会比较,表明研究志愿者可以允许接受重大风险.
- 需要进一步发展伦理框架,以建立人类受试者研究中风险评估的明确指南.
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