在挪威,自下而不是自上而不是自上而下的机制决定了中肉动物的相互作用
Rocío Cano-Martínez1, Neri Horntvedt Thorsen2, Tim R Hofmeester3
1Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences Koppang Norway.
Ecology and evolution
|March 11, 2024
概括
土地覆盖,而不是大型食肉动物,对挪威中食肉动物相互作用的影响最大. 积极的相互作用是常见的,特别是在冬季,而人类的干扰对物种的影响不同.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 野生动物保护 野生动物保护
- 行为生态学 行为生态学
背景情况:
- 中肉食动物的相互作用是由诸如大型肉食动物,土地利用和人类活动等因素决定的.
- 了解这些动态对于生物多样性保护和野生动物管理至关重要.
- 区分自下而上和自上而下的生态过程是具有挑战性但重要的.
研究的目的:
- 评估大型食肉动物,土地覆盖面和人类干扰如何影响红狐,大和松鼠之间的相互作用.
- 为了研究季节对上下和自下而上的生态机制的影响.
- 使用结构方程模型分析因果关系.
主要方法:
- 利用了挪威3年 (2018-2020年) 的摄像头捕捉数据.
- 采用结构方程建模来分析复杂的生态相互作用.
- 量化了土地覆盖面,大型食肉动物存在和人类干扰对中食肉动物检测率的影响.
主要成果:
- 土地覆盖变量与大肉食动物相比,与中肉食动物检测的相关性更强.
- 所有中肉食动物物种都表现出积极的检测关联,特别是在冬季.
- 人类的干扰产生了多种影响:有利于较大的中食动物 (红狐,大),但对顶级捕食者 (狼,) 和较小的中食动物 (松鼠) 产生了负面影响.
结论:
- 土地覆盖面和季节性似乎是挪威生态系统中中食肉动物相互作用的更重要的驱动因素,而不是大型食肉动物的存在.
- 积极的跨物种关联表明资源重叠或促进,而不是强烈的竞争.
- 人类影响在塑造物种相互作用方面发挥着至关重要的作用,需要将它们纳入生态研究中.
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