与种族修饰器的回归:朝着公平性和可解释性
1Department of Statistics and Data Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850.
medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences
|March 11, 2024
概括
结构性种族主义对健康和生活结果产生重大影响,标准统计方法引入了种族偏见. 新的基于丰度的约束 (ABC) 消除了这种偏见,使种族特异性影响的公平估计成为可能.
科学领域:
- 量化社会科学 量化社会科学
- 卫生公平研究 卫生公平研究
- 统计方法学的统计方法.
背景情况:
- 结构性种族主义和种族歧视明显影响健康和生活结果,影响因种族而异.
- 标准统计回归分析经常在估计种族修改效应时引入种族偏见.
- 现有的方法损害了参数的解释性,公平性和统计效率.
研究的目的:
- 引入基于丰度的约束 (ABC) 作为一种新的方法,以消除统计回归中的种族偏见.
- 证明ABC提供不变性,确保主要效应估计不受种族修饰者的影响.
- 为了能够在不牺牲可解释性,公平性或效率的情况下估计种族特异性影响.
主要方法:
- 倡导和理论阐述以丰富为基础的约束 (ABC).
- 应用ABC与统计学习技术 (规范化和选择) 结合.
- 使用北卡罗来纳州学生数据 (n=27,638) 对四年级阅读成绩的联合效应估计.
主要成果:
- 已证明ABC具有显著的不变性属性,无论种族修饰者如何,都保持了主要效应估计.
- 该方法有助于估计种族特异性影响,而不损害统计学严谨性或公平性.
- 识别了住宅隔离,PM2.5暴露和母亲年龄对阅读分数的种族修饰影响.
结论:
- 在定量研究中,ABC为减轻种族偏见提供了强有力的解决方案.
- 该方法提高了研究健康差异和健康的社会决定因素的公平能力.
- 这种方法支持对影响教育成果的因素有更准确,更公平的理解.
相关概念视频
Regression Toward the Mean
6.3K
Regression toward the mean (“RTM”) is a phenomenon in which extremely high or low values—for example, and individual’s blood pressure at a particular moment—appear closer to a group’s average upon remeasuring. Although this statistical peculiarity is the result of random error and chance, it has been problematic across various medical, scientific, financial and psychological applications. In particular, RTM, if not taken into account, can interfere when...
6.3K
Regression Analysis
5.7K
Regression analysis is a statistical tool that describes a mathematical relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables.
In regression analysis, a regression equation is determined based on the line of best fit– a line that best fits the data points plotted in a graph. This line is also called the regression line. The algebraic equation for the regression line is called the regression equation. It is represented as:
In regression analysis, a regression equation is determined based on the line of best fit– a line that best fits the data points plotted in a graph. This line is also called the regression line. The algebraic equation for the regression line is called the regression equation. It is represented as:
5.7K
Multiple Regression
3.0K
Multiple regression assesses a linear relationship between one response or dependent variable and two or more independent variables. It has many practical applications.
Farmers can use multiple regression to determine the crop yield based on more than one factor, such as water availability, fertilizer, soil properties, etc. Here, the crop yield is the response or dependent variable as it depends on the other independent variables. The analysis requires the construction of a scatter plot...
Farmers can use multiple regression to determine the crop yield based on more than one factor, such as water availability, fertilizer, soil properties, etc. Here, the crop yield is the response or dependent variable as it depends on the other independent variables. The analysis requires the construction of a scatter plot...
3.0K
Friedman Two-way Analysis of Variance by Ranks
194
Friedman's Two-Way Analysis of Variance by Ranks is a nonparametric test designed to identify differences across multiple test attempts when traditional assumptions of normality and equal variances do not apply. Unlike conventional ANOVA, which requires normally distributed data with equal variances, Friedman's test is ideal for ordinal or non-normally distributed data, making it particularly useful for analyzing dependent samples, such as matched subjects over time or repeated measures...
194
Quantifying and Rejecting Outliers: The Grubbs Test
1.6K
Sometimes, a data set can have a recorded numerical observation that greatly deviates from the rest of the data. Assuming that the data is normally distributed, a statistical method called the Grubbs test can be used to determine whether the observation is truly an outlier. To perform a two-tailed Grubbs test, first, calculate the absolute difference between the outlier and the mean. Then, calculate the ratio between this difference and the standard deviation of the sample. This...
1.6K
Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination
90.2K
Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who...
90.2K


