滥用酒精的模式和预测因素从青春期到中年早期的滥用酒精的轨迹
Mallory Stephenson1, Peter Barr2, Nathaniel Thomas3
1Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Development and psychopathology
|March 11, 2024
概括
滥用酒精在青春期增加,在年轻成人时达到顶峰,并在中年时下降. 环境因素,而不是遗传,主要驱动这些个体差异的酒精滥用轨迹.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学是发展心理学.
- 行为遗传学行为遗传学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 了解滥用酒精的长期模式对于制定有效的预防和干预策略至关重要.
- 以前的研究往往集中在特定的年龄组,限制了对整个生命周期的发育轨迹的洞察力.
- 在塑造这些轨迹的过程中,遗传和环境因素的相互作用仍然是积极研究的领域.
研究的目的:
- 从青春期到中年早期,描述滥用酒精的发展轨迹.
- 检查这些轨迹中对个体差异的遗传和环境贡献.
- 确定与随着时间的推移滥用酒精的变化相关的青少年和年轻成人因素.
主要方法:
- 使用了多层次的发育上下文方法,采用了来自两个大型,纵向,基于人口的双胞胎和青少年队列研究 (FinnTwin16和Add Health) 的数据.
- 评估了青春期到中年早期的多个时间点的滥用酒精 (中毒/狂饮的频率).
- 采用二级增长曲线建模来分析轨迹和结构方程建模来检查遗传和环境影响.
主要成果:
- 滥用酒精的轨迹遵循一个二级模式,在青春期增加,在年轻成人时达到顶峰,并在两个样本中的中年早期下降.
- 这些滥用酒精轨迹的个体差异主要由环境因素解释,遗传影响最小.
- 青少年和年轻成人因素,包括其他物质使用,身体和心理健康状况以及父母身份,与滥用酒精的过程有显著的关联.
结论:
- 滥用酒精从青春期到中年早期的发展轨迹呈现出明显的发展轨迹,其特点是年轻成人时期的峰值.
- 随着时间的推移,环境影响在塑造个人对酒精滥用模式的差异方面起着比遗传因素更重要的作用.
- 针对与物质使用,健康和生活事件相关的可修改的青少年和年轻成年人因素,可能为干预改变滥用酒精轨迹提供途径.
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