神经发育障碍,条件和差异中的认知优势:批判性审查
Katherine J Maw1, Geoff Beattie1, Edwin J Burns2
1Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, UK.
Neuropsychologia
|March 11, 2024
概括
这篇评论通过突出独特的认知优势来重新定义神经发育障碍,例如增强视觉感知和卓越的同情心,挑战基于缺陷的观点并促进神经多样性.
科学领域:
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
背景情况:
- 传统上,神经发育障碍是通过认知障碍的镜头来看待的.
- 现有的研究主要集中在诸如感官处理和注意力等领域的缺陷上.
研究的目的:
- 提出对神经发育差异的重新定义的观点,强调独特的认知优势.
- 挑战在认知和神经心理学研究中普遍存在的基于缺陷的模型.
- 为这些认知优势提供理论基础.
主要方法:
- 对有关神经发育障碍的现有文献进行批判性审查.
- 分析认知特征,重点关注障碍和优势.
- 综合理论解释,包括遗传性,行为适应和神经元循环.
主要成果:
- 在具有神经发育差异的个体中确定了独特的认知优势,包括增强的视觉感知,空间和语义记忆,同理心,思维理论和分歧思维.
- 在这些条件下,认知资料的异质性得到了承认.
- 呈现了一个更加肯定和鼓舞人心的观点.
结论:
- 将注意力从缺陷转移到优势可以减少与神经多样性相关的耻辱.
- 对这些认知优势的系统调查对于未来的研究至关重要.
- 推广以优势为基础的方法可以带来更大的社会包容性和社会利益.
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