在多宿主植物病原体中的替代宿主形状传播和生命史特征相关性
1Research Centre for Ecological Change, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland.
Evolutionary applications
|March 12, 2024
概括
诸如黄 (Peronospora sparsa) 这样的通用病原体可以感染多个宿主. 宿主耐药性影响病原体的进化和疾病在野生植物群落中的传播,影响传播动态.
科学领域:
- 植物病理学 植物病理学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
背景情况:
- 泛型病原体感染多个宿主,但性能权衡预计会限制这种策略.
- 野生宿主物种之间的病原体感染性,传播和性能权衡的变化是鲜为人知的.
- 菌病原体 (Peronospora sparsa) 感染了多种Rubus物种,为研究泛型提供了一个模型.
研究的目的:
- 研究多宿主病原体感染性和传播的生态和进化驱动因素.
- 评估P. sparsa在三个Rubus宿主植物上的疾病严重程度,传播动态和传染性变异.
- 了解宿主耐药性和植物多样性如何影响病原体在自然环境中传播.
主要方法:
- 在20个野生和耕地进行实地调查,以评估Rubus arcticus,R. chamaemorus和R. saxatilis的疾病严重程度.
- 一个传播实验,以评估替代宿主丰度和植物多样性对P. sparsa传播的影响.
- 使用10个P.sparsa菌株和20个宿主基因型的接种实验,以确定感染力和耐药性的变化.
主要成果:
- 疾病的严重程度因宿主物种和种群大小而异,但在野生和耕种场地之间并非如此.
- 替代宿主的丰富性和植物多样性显著改变了P.sparsa的传播率.
- 宿主基因型之间传染性有所不同,但不是物种;在一个宿主中高传染性与另一个宿主中的高传染性相关.
- 与病原体传播相关的生命史相关性在R. arcticus中显示出积极的关联,但不是R. saxatilis.
结论:
- 宿主耐药性在塑造多宿主病原体生命史演变方面发挥着至关重要的作用.
- 多宿主系统中的病原体进化可能会产生重大流行病学后果.
- 了解不同植物群体的宿主-病原体相互作用对于预测疾病动态至关重要.
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