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在和肥料中的物种化影响了大西洋中部沿海平原土壤

Lauren R Mosesso¹, Mark S Reiter², Kirk G Scheckel³

¹Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA.

Journal of environmental quality

|March 12, 2024

概括

大西洋中部土壤中的遗留 (P) 降低了水质. 了解这些丰富土壤中的P转化和物种化对于指导未来的农业管理和防止进一步的P损失至关重要.

科学领域:

农业科学农业科学
环境化学环境化学
土壤科学土壤科学

背景情况:

大西洋中部的历史性农业实践导致了土壤中的 (P) 丰富,导致水质因P排水而显著恶化.
目前对P应用的限制需要更深入地了解这些传统P土壤中的P动态.

研究的目的:

调查 (P) 在富含P的中大西洋土壤中的命运,转化和可用性.
为了将土壤管理历史与P物种化及其对P动态的影响相关联.

主要方法:

使用了化学提取 (Mehlich-3,可用水提取的P,化学分离) 和非破坏性光谱技术 (XANES,XRF) 的组合.
采用XANES线性组合拟合,由分离和XRF数据支持,以识别各种P物种 (Al,Ca,Fe酸盐,合P).

主要成果:

在具有多种管理历史 (肥料,家禽垃圾,乳制品便) 的土壤中确定了特定的P物种 (Al,Ca,Fe酸盐,吸收P).
观察到,持续的P应用预计会增加半晶体Al和Fe-P,P被吸附到Al () 氧化物和不溶性Ca-P物种中.
预测,在P吸收下,植物将首先从半晶体Al和Fe酸盐中吸收P,然后是吸收P阶段.

结论:

土壤管理历史显著影响传统P土壤中的P物种化.
了解P物化是制定有效的P丰富土壤管理策略的关键,包括预测P可供植物吸收和潜在的下水.
结果为在沿海平原土壤上做出明智的管理决策提供了基础,这些土壤有P应用的历史,以减轻环境影响.

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相关概念视频

The Phosphorus Cycle

The Phosphorus Cycle

Unlike carbon, water, and nitrogen, phosphorus is not present in the atmosphere as a gas. Instead, most phosphorus in the ecosystem exists as compounds, such as phosphate ions (PO43-), found in soil, water, sediment and rocks. Phosphorus is often a limiting nutrient (i.e., in short supply). Consequently, phosphorus is added to most agricultural fertilizers, which can cause environmental problems related to runoff in aquatic ecosystems.

Factors Affecting Solubility

Factors Affecting Solubility

Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:

Primary Production

Primary Production

The total amount of energy acquired by primary producers in an ecosystem is called gross primary production (GPP). However, of this energy, producers use some for metabolic processes, and some is lost as heat, decreasing the amount of energy available to the next trophic level. The remaining usable amount of energy is called the net primary productivity (NPP). In terrestrial ecosystems, NPP is driven by climate, while light penetration and nutrient availability drive NPP in aquatic ecosystems.