在医疗保健服务部门使用人工智能 (AI) 的全球监管框架
Kavitha Palaniappan1, Elaine Yan Ting Lin1, Silke Vogel1
1Centre of Regulatory Excellence, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 12, 2024
概括
人工智能 (AI) 为医疗保健挑战提供解决方案,例如劳动力短缺和慢性疾病. 目前的法规,主要是软件作为医疗设备,可能不涵盖自主人工智能,需要全球监管趋同.
科学领域:
- 数字健康数字健康
- 医疗保健技术 技术 医疗保健 技术
- 人工智能在医学中的应用
背景情况:
- 医疗保健系统面临着来自劳动力缩和慢性疾病增加的重大挑战.
- 人口和流行病学转变加剧了这些医疗保健部门的压力.
- 数字健康干预措施,特别是那些结合人工智能 (AI) 的干预措施,正在成为潜在的解决方案.
研究的目的:
- 审查发达国家的医疗保健服务中人工智能的现有监管环境.
- 评估当前对自主和自适应人工智能技术的法规的充分性.
- 探讨在人工智能医疗保健领域全球监管趋同的必要性.
主要方法:
- 对医疗保健中人工智能现有法规的文献综述.
- 对当前监管框架的分析,重点是软件作为医疗设备 (SaMD).
- 检查人工智能的独特特征,例如自主操作和持续学习.
主要成果:
- 医疗保健中的大多数人工智能法规目前与软件作为医疗设备 (SaMD) 框架保持一致.
- 由于人工智能的自主和适应能力,现有的法规可能不足.
- 人工智能的动态性质需要更新的监管方法.
结论:
- 目前对医疗保健中的AI的监管框架可能无法充分解决自主和适应性AI技术.
- 对医疗保健中的人工智能的全球监管趋同对发展中国家和发达国家都有好处.
- 诸如美欧贸易与技术理事会的人工智能行为准则之类的倡议可以作为国际合作的典范.
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