詹姆斯·拉切尔斯和安乐死的道德
1University of St Thomas, Houston, Texas, 77006, USA. furlant@stthom.edu.
Theoretical medicine and bioethics
|March 13, 2024
概括
这项研究批评了拉切尔斯关于杀人的道德性的伦理框架,认为他提出的替代传统西方观点的替代方案是不够的. 分析揭示了他的功利主义和基于自治的论点中的八个关键缺陷.
科学领域:
- 伦理学 伦理学 伦理学
- 伦理哲学 道德哲学
- 应用伦理学 应用伦理学
背景情况:
- 传统的西方关于杀人道德的说法往往基于生命的圣洁原则.
- 哲学家詹姆斯·拉切尔斯提出了一个替代的框架,批评现有的道德理论.
研究的目的:
- 批判性地评估詹姆斯·拉切尔斯 (James Rachels) 对杀人的道德提出的伦理框架.
- 识别和分析拉切尔斯对杀人的传统西方道德描述的替代方案的缺陷.
主要方法:
- 对拉切尔斯论点的哲学分析.
- 对功利主义 (古典和偏好) 和基于自治的伦理学的比较批评.
- 检查拉切尔斯对生命神圣原则的例外的理由.
主要成果:
- 拉切尔斯的基本功利主义原则缺乏理由.
- 偏好功利主义容易受到与古典功利主义相同的批评.
- 拉切尔斯对生命的尊严及其例外情况的描述是不一致的.
- 拥抱自治可能会破坏他的功利主义立场.
- 拉切尔斯未能充分证明杀人与让人死是道德上的等同.
结论:
- 拉切尔斯为杀人道德提出的伦理框架从根本上是有缺陷的,缺乏替代传统观点的可行性.
- 发现的缺陷表明,Rachels的叙述不足以提供关于杀人的强有力的道德推理.
- 需要进一步发展,以使功利主义原则与自主性相协调,并解决杀戮和让人死亡的道德问题.
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