青少年具有有利的地中海风格基于模式显示更高的认知和学术成就:一个集群分析-认知行动项目
Humberto Peña-Jorquera1, Ricardo Martínez-Flores1, Juan Pablo Espinoza-Puelles1
1IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2530388, Chile.
Nutrients
|March 13, 2024
概括
遵循地中海饮食 (MedDiet) 的青少年表现出更好的认知和学术表现. 这项研究强调了健康食品选择对青少年整体发育的重要性,即使在非地中海地区.
科学领域:
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 教育心理学教育心理学
背景情况:
- 地中海饮食 (MedDiet) 与改善青少年的代谢健康,认知功能和学业成绩有关.
- 关于饮食模式及其对来自发展中国家的青少年认知和学术成果的影响的研究有限.
研究的目的:
- 调查不同饮食模式与智利青少年认知/学术成绩之间的关联.
- 确定青少年中普遍存在的特定饮食模式及其与认知和学业表现的关系.
主要方法:
- 一项对1296名智利青少年 (10-14岁) 的横截面研究,使用MedDiet质量指数.
- 集群分析确定了四种饮食模式:西方饮食 (WD),低水果/蔬菜-高糖 (LFV-HSD),低水果/蔬菜-低糖 (LFV-LSD) 和MedDiet.
- 混合模型分析和主要组件分析评估了认知领域 (工作记忆,灵活性,抑制控制,流动推理) 和学术成就 (PISA分数).
主要成果:
- 基于糖,超加工食品,水果和蔬菜的摄入量,饮食模式显著不同.
- 与其他组相比,遵守MedDiet的青少年在所有认知领域都表现出卓越的表现.
- 西式饮食组在学术上表现不佳,而MedDiet组与WD和LFV-HSD组相比,在各科目中表现出显著的学术改善.
结论:
- 对地中海式饮食模式的更高坚持与青少年增强的认知能力有关.
- 改善食品质量选择,特别是与MedDiet一致的选择,与青少年的学业成绩有积极的相关性.
- 研究结果强调了MedDiet原则对青少年认知和学术发展的普遍益处,无论地理位置如何.
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