姿势和移动方向在火灾疏散在低可见度环境中的影响
Jingjing Yan1,2, Gengen He3, Anahid Basiri4
1International Exchange College, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo 315211, China.
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 13, 2024
概括
疏散速度受到运动方向和姿势的影响,而不是性别的影响. 紧急情况和非典型的姿势,如俯卧步行,可以改变火灾疏散期间的步行速度.
科学领域:
- 人类运动分析分析
- 紧急疏散动态的动态情况
- 生物机械工程 生物机械工程
背景情况:
- 在紧急情况下,疏散效率至关重要,行走速度是关键因素.
- 个人身体能力在火灾紧急情况中显著影响行走速度.
- 当直立姿势不可行时,非典型的姿势 (爬行,爬行) 可能是生存的必要条件.
研究的目的:
- 在模拟疏散过程中测量和比较不同姿势 (直立,干部曲,干部-膝盖曲) 的行走速度.
- 调查运动方向 (水平,垂直) 和紧急场景对疏散速度的影响.
- 分析诸如性别和环境条件等因素对运动效率的影响.
主要方法:
- 使用了一种新的3D被动视觉辅助惯性系统 (3D PVINS) 进行室内定位.
- 在低能见度的模拟疏散场景中跟踪了20名志愿者的运动.
- 测量了参与者在各种条件下的速度:不同的姿势,水平和垂直运动,以及紧急与非紧急情况.
主要成果:
- 运动方向导致~43.90%的速度降低;姿势占速度变化的17%以上.
- 性别对步行速度差异的贡献不到10%.
- 与非紧急情况相比,紧急情况的速度在水平上增加了53.92-60%,在垂直上增加了48.28-50% (包括下降的楼梯).
结论:
- 运动方向和姿势是疏散速度的重要决定因素,比性别更重要.
- 紧急情况和恐慌可以促进乘客移动速度的增加,支持社会力量理论.
- 结果为改善疏散模型和低可见度环境中的安全策略提供了有价值的数据.
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