飞行和同等短期高空暴露对眼睛结构和功能的影响
Styliani Totou1,2, Efthymios Karmiris2, Menelaos Kanakis1
1Department of Ophthalmology, University of Patras, School of Medicine, Patras, Greece.
概括
短期高空暴露会导致各种眼部变化,影响视力和飞行安全. 需要进一步的研究来了解这些影响,并开发相关眼睛疾病的治疗方法.
科学领域:
- 眼科医生 眼科 眼科
- 航空航天医学 航空航天医学
- 环境生理学环境生理学
背景情况:
- 高空暴露显著影响视觉功能,这对航空安全和高度相关活动至关重要.
- 在短期高空暴露 (≤24小时) 期间了解眼睛的变化对于航空和高空中的个人至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和总结有关飞行或同等短期高空暴露期间眼睛变化的现有文献.
- 识别研究缺口,并优先考虑高海拔眼科医学的未来研究.
主要方法:
- 使用PubMed/MEDLINE和Web of Science/ISI Web of Knowledge数据库进行了系统的文献审查.
- 搜索了40年 (1983-2023) 期间发表的关于与飞行或与飞行相当的高度暴露有关的眼睛变化的文章.
- 包括通过对最初选择的记录的参考列表搜索找到的文章.
主要成果:
- 包括142篇文章,详细介绍了前段变化 (眼睛干燥,角膜厚度,隐形眼镜问题,折射变化,内压降低,瞳孔变化),视觉路径变化 (黑暗适应,视野敏感性) 和视网膜状效应 (血管口径,视网膜状厚度,中央血清性视网膜病变,血管事件).
- 报告的眼部变化包括眼膜不稳定,角膜厚度增加,隐形眼镜不适,手术后的折射变化,眼内压力降低,对比度敏感度变化和视野缺陷.
- 还注意到光受体-视觉通路的变化和视网膜状血管变化,如视网膜血管口径增加,视网膜厚度增加,中央血清性视网膜病变和视网膜血管事件.
结论:
- 虽然严重的视力衰弱是罕见的,但各种眼部变化 (眼膜,角膜厚度,IOP,对比度灵敏度,视网膜血管) 对于民用飞行员来说是相关的.
- 该研究为登山者和旅行者提供了指导,这些人有先前存在的眼睛疾病或在海拔高度出现视觉症状.
- 对高海拔眼睛病理生理学的全面研究,特别是对状腺和视网膜的研究,很少,但可以为危及视力的疾病的治疗提供信息.
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