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采矿活动对鱼群的影响和低地河流中的食物网动态
Kristin Scharnweber1,2, Carolin Scholz1,3, Victor Schippenbeil4
1Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation University of Potsdam Potsdam Germany.
Ecology and evolution
|March 13, 2024
概括
采矿等土地使用变化可能会破坏河流食物网. 高水平的氧化铁降低了水生昆虫和鱼类的健康,增加了对鱼类食的陆地昆虫的依赖.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 水生生态系统 水生生态系统
背景情况:
- 陆地昆虫补贴流食物网,但人类对这种交换的影响尚不清楚.
- 强烈的土地利用,如煤开采,可以将氧化铁引入河流,改变食物网的动态.
- 河和采矿活动代表着影响水上-陆地能量流的重大人为干扰.
研究的目的:
- 调查人为干扰,特别是矿业和河造成的氧化铁污染,如何影响河流生态系统的陆地-水生能量交换.
- 为了比较受氧化铁影响的河流段中的鱼群及其资源使用情况,与那些被动修复的河流段进行比较.
- 评估环境干扰对性食物网结构和能量转移的影响.
主要方法:
- 河流段与高氧化铁度 (采矿影响) 和水下游 (被动整治) 的比较.
- 评估盆地宏观无脊椎动物的数量和每单位努力的鱼类捕获量.
- 评估鱼类状况,特别是食鱼 (Esox lucius) 的情况.
- 利用肠道含量元编码用于短期资源使用和稳定的同位素用于长期资源使用分析.
主要成果:
- 与下游水位置相比,高铁度地区的本土巨无脊椎动物丰富程度显著减少.
- 总体上,每单位努力的鱼类捕获量在水下游显著更高.
- 在铁度高的部分,食鱼的状况明显较低.
- (Perca fluviatilis), (Rutilus rutilus) 和 (Alburnus alburnus) 在富含铁的地区显示,陆地昆虫对其饮食的贡献增加.
- 在上游和下游位置之间观察到食物网结构,更高的食量水平的能量可用性和陆地昆虫对食肉鱼类饮食的贡献的显著差异.
结论:
- 人类造成的干扰,如采矿和造,极大地改变了河流食物网结构和水上和陆地系统之间的能量流.
- 氧化铁污染对地无脊椎动物和鱼类健康产生负面影响,迫使饮食转向陆地资源.
- 这些干扰对生态系统功能和能源转移具有广泛的景观层面影响.
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