在北京,中国,2012-2021年儿童结核病的流行病学
Huiwen Zheng1, Jing Xiao1, Haiming Yang2
1Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.
中国的儿童结核病 (TB) 趋势显示,肺结核病 (PTB) 在年幼儿童中更为常见,而肺外结核病 (EPTB),特别是结核脑膜炎,影响到年长的儿童. 年龄和性别影响结核病类型的风险.
科学领域:
- 儿科 儿科 儿科
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 关于中国儿童结核病 (TB) 的流行病学数据有限.
- 了解临床和流行病学概况对于有针对性的干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究确诊的结核病和儿童结核病感染的临床和流行病学特征.
- 分析肺结核 (PTB) 和肺外结核 (EPTB) 随着时间的推移和年龄组的趋势.
主要方法:
- 在北京儿童医院对3193名被诊断患有结核病或感染的儿科患者进行了回顾性分析.
- 结核病例的分类为PTB和EPTB,并进一步分类EPTB.
主要成果:
- 肺结核 (PTB) 占病例的51.05%,而肺外结核 (EPTB) 占病例的15.16%.
- 结核病脑膜炎是最常见的EPTB形式 (39.05%),特别是在1-4岁儿童中.
- 在较年轻的儿童 (1-4岁) 中,PTB风险更高,而在较年长的儿童 (5-12岁) 中,EPTB风险增加.
- 趋势显示,2012年至2021年间PTB和EPTB比例的波动,结核病脑膜炎的显着增加.
结论:
- 女性性别和年龄较小与儿童的PTB风险较高有关.
- 结核病脑膜炎是儿童中占主导地位的EPTB形式,幼儿特别容易受到感染.
- 年龄在儿童群体中显著影响EPTB的分布和类型.
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