在一个被砍伐的巨大多样性热带森林中,物种和功能丧失
Lisieux Fuzessy1,2, Sandrine Pavoine3, Laura Cardador1
1CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain.
概括
热带森林砍伐减少了鸟类物种的丰富性,尤其是依赖森林的物种. 虽然整体功能多样性保持稳定,但息地异质性将鸟类群落转向马赛克专家物种.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
- 生物多样性科学 生物多样性科学
背景情况:
- 热带物种丰富面临着由于土地利用转换而导致息地退化的威胁.
- 土地利用变化对功能多样性的影响尚不清楚.
- 土地覆盖的异质性可能会抵消物种丧失,但这种影响研究不足.
研究的目的:
- 调查热带森林砍伐和土地利用异质性对巴西大西洋森林鸟类物种丰富和功能多样性的影响.
- 分析森林覆盖面和土地覆盖面的异质性如何影响鸟类群.
- 评估对功能冗余,α多样性和物种不相似性的影响.
主要方法:
- 在大西洋森林中分析了200多个地理引用的鸟类组合.
- 描述物种在每个组合中的功能作用.
- 对森林覆盖面和土地覆盖面异质性的生物多样性指标的建模.
主要成果:
- 森林砍伐和转化为马赛克景观减少了鸟类物种的丰富性,森林核心物种在异质环境中缺席.
- 功能多样性和冗余性没有受到森林损失的显著影响.
- 不同质息地中的鸟群在功能上与森林中的鸟群不同,这表明了向马赛克专家物种的转变.
结论:
- 土地使用的异质性推动了鸟类社区组成的转变,有利于马赛克独有的物种而不是依赖森林的物种.
- 发现危物种更喜欢大,完好无损的森林区域,不能容忍退化,异质的环境.
- 评估森林砍伐的影响需要考虑森林损失和土地覆盖的异质性,以有效地保护新热带地区的生物多样性.
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