在 Ryukyu 脊状老鼠中失去 Y 染色体的原先 Y 链接基因在哪里?
Jiachen Li1, Siliang Song1, Jianzhi Zhang1
1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Genome biology and evolution
|March 13, 2024
概括
在哺乳动物中,Y染色体正在消失. 在Ryukyu棘鼠中,一些Y链接基因被保留在X染色体上,而其他基因被丢失,与它们的原始表达水平相关.
科学领域:
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 哺乳动物遗传学 哺乳动物遗传学
背景情况:
- 据预测,哺乳动物的Y染色体最终会消失.
- 在瑞克棘鼠 (Tokudaia osimensis) 中发生了Y染色体损失.
- 最初在Y染色体上的基因在丢失后的命运尚未完全理解.
研究的目的:
- 调查Tokudaia osimensis中祖先Y链基因的状态和位置.
- 为了确定保留的Y链基因与丢失的基因相比显示不同的表达模式.
- 为了比较动物中独立的Y染色体损失事件中的基因保留/损失模式.
主要方法:
- 对Tokudaia osimensis的一个基因组序列草案的分析.
- 12个祖先Y链基因的识别和表征.
- 基因表达模式的比较保留和丢失的基因使用小鼠的ortologs.
- 在四个动物谱系中对基因保留/损失进行比较分析,独立的Y染色体损失.
主要成果:
- 发现七个Y结合基因 (Zfy1,Zfy2,Kdm5d,Eif2s3y,Usp9y,Uty,Ddx3y) 是功能性的,并转移到X染色体.
- 五个基因 (Rbmy,Uba1y,Ssty1,Ssty2,Sry) 缺失或已经成为伪基因.
- 与丢失的基因相比,保留的基因表现出明显更广泛/更高的组织表达.
- 基因保留/损失模式在四个独立的动物Y染色体损失事件中显示出显著的相似性.
结论:
- 在T. osimensis中,以前与Y结合的基因的保留或丢失受到它们的原始表达模式的影响.
- 在动物中,独立的Y染色体损失事件遵循可预测的基因保留和损失模式.
- 这表明,在Y染色体退化后,Y相关基因的命运受到控制的保存机制存在.
相关概念视频
The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness
6.6K
The Y chromosome is a sex chromosome found in several vertebrates and mammals, including humans. In addition to 22 pairs of autosomes, the human males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. In these organisms, the presence or absence of the Y chromosome determines the development of male traits.
Evolution
Around 300 million years ago, the two sex chromosomes diverged from two identical autosomal chromosomes. Over time, the Y chromosome has lost most of its genes, shrinking in size....
Evolution
Around 300 million years ago, the two sex chromosomes diverged from two identical autosomal chromosomes. Over time, the Y chromosome has lost most of its genes, shrinking in size....
6.6K
X and Y Chromosomes
25.9K
Among mammals, the gender of an organism is determined by the sex chromosomes. Humans have two sex chromosomes, X and Y. Every human diploid cell has 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes. A human female has two X chromosomes, while a male has one X chromosome and one Y chromosome.
The germline cells such as egg and sperm cells carry only half the number of chromosomes, i.e., 22 autosomes and one sex chromosome. All eggs have an X chromosome, while sperm cells can carry an X or...
The germline cells such as egg and sperm cells carry only half the number of chromosomes, i.e., 22 autosomes and one sex chromosome. All eggs have an X chromosome, while sperm cells can carry an X or...
25.9K
Exon Recombination
3.6K
The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes.
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...
3.6K
Pedigree Analysis
84.2K
Overview
84.2K
Dosage Compensation
6.2K
In animals, gender is determined by the number and type of sex chromosome. For example, human females have two X chromosomes, and males have one X and one Y chromosome, whereas C.elegans with one X chromosome is a male, and the one with two X chromosomes is a hermaphrodite.
In addition to sexual development, the X chromosome has genes involved in autosomal functions such as brain development and the immune system. Therefore, males and females with distinct numbers of X chromosomes will...
In addition to sexual development, the X chromosome has genes involved in autosomal functions such as brain development and the immune system. Therefore, males and females with distinct numbers of X chromosomes will...
6.2K
X-Inactivation
38.4K
The human X chromosome contains over ten times the number of genes as in the Y chromosome. Since males have only one X chromosome, and females have two, one might expect females to produce twice as many of the proteins, with undesirable results.
38.4K


