肠道神经系统条纹模式和疾病:尚未探索的病理生理学
Lori B Dershowitz1, Julia A Kaltschmidt1
1Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology
|March 13, 2024
概括
肠道神经系统 (ENS) 的缺陷导致儿科消化道运动障碍. 新的研究表明,ENS神经元形成条纹,改变条纹分布可能解释神经元密度的变化,在像希尔施普朗格这样的条件下.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发育生物学 发展生物学
- 胃肠病学 胃肠病学
背景情况:
- 肠道神经系统 (ENS) 对胃肠道 (GI) 运动至关重要.
- 肠神经系统的发育缺陷导致儿科胃肠道运动障碍,包括赫施普朗格病 (HSCR),儿科肠道伪阻塞 (PIPO) 和肠道神经元张症B型 (INDB).
- 在这些疾病中观察到的结构变化包括肠道神经元密度下降 (HSCR) 或增加 (PIPO,INDB),但它们的发育起源尚不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 审查当前对肠神经系统发育和儿科胃肠道运动障碍的理解.
- 纳入关于ENS结构的新发现,特别是关于肠神经元成圆条纹的新出现的证据.
- 提出这种条纹性肠神经系统模式中的缺陷如何解释儿科胃肠道运动障碍中观察到的结构缺陷.
主要方法:
- 对ENS发育和儿科胃肠道运动障碍的现有文献的综述.
- 整合了新的数据,证明了人类和小鼠发育过程中肠神经元的环形条纹模式.
- 在其他生物系统中探索条纹图案的机制.
主要成果:
- 新出现的证据表明,肠道神经元被组织成沿着发育中的肠道沿着周长条纹.
- 这种新的结构组织提出了有关ENS相关运动障碍病理生理学的新问题.
- 在HSCR,PIPO和INDB中神经元密度的变化可能反映了这些肠道神经元条纹的分布或完整性的变化.
结论:
- 条纹ENS组织的发现为了解ENS发展提供了新的框架.
- ENS条纹图案的缺陷被认为是小儿胃肠道运动障碍结构缺陷的潜在解释.
- 对ENS条纹形成及其破坏的进一步研究是有必要的,以阐明这些条件的病理生理学.
相关概念视频
01:27Nerve Supply of the GI Tract
1.4K
The neuronal supply to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is essential for regulating various functions, including digestion, absorption, and movement of food. This intricate network of nerves is known as the enteric nervous system (ENS), often referred to as the "second brain" of the body.
The enteric nervous system consists of two major plexuses: the myenteric plexus (Auerbach's plexus) and the submucosal plexus (Meissner's plexus). These plexuses are located within the layers of...
The enteric nervous system consists of two major plexuses: the myenteric plexus (Auerbach's plexus) and the submucosal plexus (Meissner's plexus). These plexuses are located within the layers of...
1.4K
01:05Physiology of Enteric Nervous System and Gut Health
263
The gastrointestinal tract, responsible for the digestion and absorption of nutrients, is safeguarded by the intestinal barrier, which consists of secretory, physical, and immune components. At the forefront is the secretory barrier, composed of essential elements such as mucus, gut microbiota, and defense proteins. They collaborate to break down food particles, facilitate nutrient absorption, and maintain optimal gut health. These secretory components ensure the smooth functioning of the...
263
01:11Enteric Nervous System: Regulation of GI Motor Activity
375
The Enteric Nervous System (ENS) plays a pivotal role in regulating gastrointestinal or GI motor activity. This complex network of nerves, deeply embedded within the gut wall, responds to changes in the gut environment and receives input from both the autonomic nervous system and the central nervous system. By doing so, the ENS operates various programs tailored to the body's nutritional status and needs.
During periods of fasting, the ENS initiates the migrating myoelectric complex, a...
During periods of fasting, the ENS initiates the migrating myoelectric complex, a...
375
01:28Disorders of the Nervous Tissue
1.3K
Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
Homeostatic Imbalances:
Alzheimer's disease manifests as a gradual decline in memory and cognitive abilities, attributed to the buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
Parkinson's disease arises from the...
Homeostatic Imbalances:
Alzheimer's disease manifests as a gradual decline in memory and cognitive abilities, attributed to the buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
Parkinson's disease arises from the...
1.3K
01:17Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction
273
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by functional disturbances in the gastrointestinal system, presenting a cluster of symptoms without evident structural or biochemical abnormalities. It primarily affects the large intestine and may cause abdominal pain, bloating, excessive gas, diarrhea, constipation, or both.
IBS is a chronic condition that can persist over a long period or recur frequently.
The pathogenesis of IBS involves a complex interplay of the following factors:
Altered...
IBS is a chronic condition that can persist over a long period or recur frequently.
The pathogenesis of IBS involves a complex interplay of the following factors:
Altered...
273
01:17Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction
450
Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
450