巴哈加利福尼亚半岛的历史死亡率动态:婚姻,矿业繁荣,移民和传染病
Shane J Macfarlan1, Ryan Schacht2, Isabelle Forrest3
1Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. shane.macfarlan@anthro.utah.edu.
Human nature (Hawthorne, N.Y.)
|March 14, 2024
概括
婚姻和移民影响了巴哈加利福尼亚州的历史死亡率. 婚姻保护了两性,而移民有利于妇女,矿山城镇增加了男性死亡率.
科学领域:
- 历史人口统计 历史人口统计
- 生物考古学的生物考古学
- 社会流行病学社会流行病学
背景情况:
- 死亡风险因素随着时间和地点的变化而变化,尤其是在社会转型期间.
- 了解人口动态需要检查诸如婚姻,移民和当地经济等因素.
- 历史人口提供了对工业化前人口结构模式的见解.
研究的目的:
- 调查婚姻,移民和当地经济如何影响1835年至1900年间墨西哥巴哈加利福尼亚州的死亡率.
- 分析一个地区的死亡率动态,该地区的高移民和男性偏向的性别比率.
- 为了确定影响死亡风险的特定人口因素,在历史,快速变化的环境中.
主要方法:
- 利用考克斯的比例危险模型来分析死亡记录.
- 从巴哈加利福尼亚半岛的历史生命记录中提取了1,201个死亡记录.
- 研究了婚姻,矿山城镇居住和移民对死亡风险的影响.
主要成果:
- 婚姻对男性和女性的死亡率都有保护作用.
- 居住在矿山城镇增加了男性的死亡风险,但女性没有.
- 移民与女性的死亡风险降低有关,但男性的死亡风险没有降低.
- 传染病增加了死亡风险,而死亡风险随着时间的推移而降低.
结论:
- 婚姻提供了保护性的好处,很可能是通过资源获取,即使是早期的女性生殖.
- 在矿山城镇,由于危险的工作条件,男性的死亡率更高.
- 移民女性的寿命增加,可能是由于选择偏差超过了恶劣的条件.
- 这些发现揭示了研究不足的历史人口和工业化前环境中的人口动态.
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