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改变行为干预措施以解决不健康的食物消费:一个范围审查
Shivani Kachwaha1, Sunny S Kim2, Jai K Das3
1Program in Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Current developments in nutrition
|March 14, 2024
概括
行为改变干预措施 (BCI) 在减少不健康食品消费方面表现有前途,特别是在成年人中. 综合性多元干预比单一策略更有效,但在代表性不足的地区需要更多的研究.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生与营养
- 行为科学 行为科学
- 卫生干预研究 研究 研究 干预
背景情况:
- 全球高消耗,糖,和脂肪和反式脂肪对非传染性疾病作出了重大贡献,导致1.87亿残疾调整寿命年.
- 对于公共卫生战略来说,全面了解全球关于减少不同背景下不健康食品消费的干预措施的证据至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 进行范围审查,检查现有关于旨在减少全球不健康食品消费的行为改变干预措施 (BCI) 的证据.
- 确定与不健康食品消费相关的干预类型,目标人群,环境和结果.
主要方法:
- 在2022年12月对3个数据库进行系统搜索,获取了2730条记录.
- 145项研究符合审查资格标准,重点是针对不健康食品消费的行为改变干预措施.
- 数据提取包括干预类型,目标群体,设置,研究结果和报告的行为决定因素.
主要成果:
- 大多数研究 (19%) 来自低收入和中等收入国家;成年人 (≥20岁) 是主要目标群体 (n=79).
- 信息,教育和沟通 (IEC) 干预最常见 (n=141),其次是食品/饮料替代 (n=10).
- 针对成年人的干预措施显示出比针对儿童的干预措施更积极的影响;多组件IEC包比单个干预措施更具影响力.
结论:
- 行为改变干预措施,特别是针对成年人的多组件干预措施,显示出减少不健康食品消费的潜力.
- 在低收入和中等收入国家的研究以及理解行为变化的可持续性方面存在重大差距.
- 未来的研究应该专注于代表性不足的地区,行为决定因素和实验研究的有效性分析.
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