不确定的事实还是不确定的价值观? 在道德判断中测试经验和规范不确定性之间的区别
Maximilian Theisen1, Markus Germar2
1Department of Psychology, Heidelberg University.
Cognitive science
|March 14, 2024
概括
道德判断涉及对事实 (经验不确定性) 或价值观 (规范不确定性) 的不确定性. 这项研究证实,这些是不同的心理状态,对于理解道德决策至关重要.
科学领域:
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 伦理哲学道德哲学
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 在道德判断中,在经验不确定性 (关于事实) 和规范不确定性 (关于价值) 之间存在哲学区别.
- 研究这种区别的心理学研究是有限的,使其经验基础不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 实证地调查实证和规范性不确定性之间的区别的心理现实.
- 确定这些是否代表了影响道德判断的独特心理状态.
主要方法:
- 第1项研究采用了因子分析方法,有265名参与者描述和评价道德不确定性的方面.
- 第二项研究采用了一种实验设计,402名参与者对不同结果的不确定性和价值冲突的情况进行了评分.
主要成果:
- 因子分析揭示了三个不同的因素:缺乏信息,不清楚的后果 (经验不确定性) 和规范不确定性.
- 实验操作证实,后果不确定性主要影响经验因素,而价值冲突主要影响规范不确定性.
结论:
- 经验性和规范性不确定性之间的区别在心理上是有效的,并反映了不同的认知过程.
- 研究结果支持在道德判断研究和决策中区分不确定性类型.
- 这项研究有助于理解民间元伦理学和道德推理的心理基础.
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