地下两足甲类甲类的两性二态化与地下息地类型的菌体有着共同的性质
Ester Premate1, Žiga Fišer1, Anna Biró2,3,4
1Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Journal of evolutionary biology
|March 14, 2024
概括
两足动物的两性二形变异随着息地深度的增加而减少,这是由于成年人性别比率和选择压力的变化造成的. 在更深的,食物稀缺的洞穴湖中,女性的身体尺寸增加.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 动物行为 动物行为
背景情况:
- 性二态化是由于不同息地存在不同的性别特异性选择压力而演变的.
- 地下两足动物 (Niphargus) 居住在不同的环境中:浅地下,洞穴河流和洞穴湖.
- 息地深度影响食物的可用性,掠食性和季节性,以及成年人性别比率 (ASR) 的偏见.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究尼法古斯两足动物在不同地下息地中的性二态变化.
- 测试关于在资源有限的环境中减少深度性二重体和增加女性身体尺寸的假设.
主要方法:
- 对31种Niphargus物种的体型和性二态腹部附属物的形态分析.
- 在12个物种中进行男性竞争的行为测试 (活动,冒险,探索).
- 通过不同ASR对浅层,中层和深层洞穴息地的特征进行比较.
主要成果:
- 浅处息地甚至有ASR的物种表现出形态但不是行为性变态.
- 女人的体型从浅处到深处的洞穴息地显著增加;男性的体型没有.
- 洞穴湖物种在两性之间表现出最小的形态和行为差异.
结论:
- 尼法格斯的性二态是由息地特定的选择压力形成的,包括性和生育选择.
- 成人性别比率的变化和整个息地资源的可用性与观察到的两性变态的模式相关.
- 性二态的进化轨迹受到间接 (性选择) 和直接 (生育选择) 因素的影响.
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