城市青年活动空间暴露和日常安全感知的种族差异
Christopher R Browning1, Nicolo P Pinchak2, Catherine A Calder3
1Department of Sociology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; Institute for Population Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
概括
青少年的安全感受受到了邻里特点的影响. 黑人年轻人在白人社区感到不安全,而白人年轻人可能感觉更安全,突出了空间安全感知的种族差异.
科学领域:
- 环境心理学环境心理学
- 青少年健康研究 青少年健康研究
- 城市环境中的种族差异
背景情况:
- 青少年的健康和发展受到安全感的重大影响.
- 了解感知安全的空间决定因素至关重要,特别是跨种族群体.
- 关于直接环境暴露如何影响青少年的安全感的研究有限.
研究的目的:
- 调查青少年在即时感知安全的空间决定因素的种族差异.
- 检查接触不同类型的社区和暴力如何影响黑人和白人年轻人的安全感.
- 了解基于全球定位系统 (GPS) 的邻里曝光中个体内变化的作用.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自俄俄州哥伦布的"背景研究青少年健康与发展" (N=1,405) 的数据.
- 采用全球定位系统 (GPS) 追踪来评估附近的暴露.
- 使用生态瞬间评估 (EMA) 来捕捉黑人和白人青年 (年龄11-17岁) 的实时安全感知.
主要成果:
- 对邻居暴力的暴露增加与所有年轻人的安全感知减少有关.
- 黑人年轻人报告说,当他们暂时接触到白人占主导地位的社区时,他们觉得安全感较低.
- 白人年轻人表现出一种趋势,即在白人的社区中感觉到更大的安全性,暴露度增加.
结论:
- 在健康和福祉方面的种族差异可能源于现场环境经验.
- 仅专注于隔离的黑人社区可能会忽视黑人年轻人的其他重大暴露.
- 环境安全的感知是复杂的,并且因种族和社区组成而有很大差异.
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