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相关概念视频

Laminar Flow01:27

Laminar Flow

2.7K
Laminar flow represents a smooth, orderly fluid motion where particles move along parallel paths, resulting in minimal mixing between layers. Streamlined particle paths characterize this flow regime and occur under conditions where viscous forces dominate over inertial forces. The distinction between laminar, transitional, and turbulent flow is primarily determined by the Reynolds number, a dimensionless quantity calculated as:
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Bioreactor Design and Operational System01:29

Bioreactor Design and Operational System

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Bioreactors are engineered vessels designed to cultivate microorganisms under controlled conditions for industrial bioprocessing. They maintain sterility and allow precise regulation of pH, temperature, oxygen, and nutrient levels to optimize microbial growth and metabolite production. Bioreactors range from small laboratory units of 1 liter to industrial systems holding up to 500,000 liters, though only about 75% of their volume is actively used for fermentation. The remaining headspace...
140
Bioreactor Controls-II01:18

Bioreactor Controls-II

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In aerobic fermentations, oxygen is vital for microbial growth and metabolite production. Since air comprises only about 20% oxygen and the gas is poorly soluble in water—just 9 ppm at 20°C—supplying sufficient oxygen becomes a critical challenge, especially in high-demand processes like yeast growth or citric acid production. Even a fully saturated broth may offer only a few seconds of oxygen availability.To address this, sterile or scrubbed air is introduced into the...
61
Bioreactor Controls-III01:22

Bioreactor Controls-III

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Strain improvement is a foundational strategy in industrial microbiology aimed at maximizing microbial productivity, particularly because natural isolates typically yield commercially valuable products in very low concentrations. Although optimizing the culture medium and environmental conditions can improve yields, these adjustments are inherently limited by the organism’s genetic potential. As a result, the focus shifts toward genetic modifications to enhance biosynthetic capacity. The...
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Scale-Up Processes01:14

Scale-Up Processes

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The scale-up of microbial fermentation processes is essential in industrial biotechnology, allowing the transition from laboratory-scale experiments to commercial-scale production while aiming to maintain product yield and quality. This process requires meticulous adjustment of equipment design, process parameters, and contamination control strategies to accommodate increasing culture volumes.At the laboratory scale, cultures are typically maintained in 1 to 10-liter glass or autoclavable...
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Production of Organic Acids01:25

Production of Organic Acids

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Lactic acid, an important organic acid extensively applied in food, pharmaceutical, and biodegradable polymer industries, is primarily produced via microbial fermentation. This method is favored over chemical synthesis due to its environmental sustainability and capacity for enantiomerically pure product formation. Among various microbial processes, the fermentation of starch-based substrates stands out due to the abundance and renewability of raw materials like corn and potatoes.Hydrolysis of...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Apr 13, 2026

Continuously-stirred Anaerobic Digester to Convert Organic Wastes into Biogas: System Setup and Basic Operation
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持续流动的有氧颗粒污泥:最近的发展和应用.

Cheng Yu1, Kaijun Wang2

  • 1State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research
|March 14, 2024
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

持续流动反应堆 (CFR) 中的有氧颗粒污泥 (AGS) 显示出对废水处理的前景,其效率与传统方法相美. 这些系统可以加强现有的工厂与最小的改装,虽然需要进一步研究颗粒化.

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科学领域:

  • 环境工程 环境工程
  • 微生物学 微生物学
  • 废水处理 废水处理

背景情况:

  • 持续流动反应堆 (CFR) 中的有氧颗粒污泥 (AGS) 在过去20年中获得了引力.
  • 尽管颗粒大小较小,但AGS-CFR的形态,沉积能力和污染物去除能力与测序批量反应堆相似.
  • 剪切力和选择压力是颗粒化的关键驱动因素,盛宴/饥荒条件和生物增量有助于稳定性和营养物质的去除.

研究的目的:

  • 审查AGS-CFR在废水处理中的研究和应用.
  • 评估AGS-CFR在加强现有废水处理厂的潜力.

主要方法:

  • 对AGS颗粒化机制 (剪切力,选择压力,盛宴/饥荒条件,生物增量) 的累积研究的审查.
  • 在九个废水处理厂 (WWTP) 中评估AGS-CFR的全面应用.
  • 评估两种不同的AGS-CFR工艺:基于气旋的密集活性污泥和带有内部分离器的微空气-空气配置.

主要成果:

  • 在排序批量反应堆中,AGS-CFR的形态,沉降能力和污染物去除效率与AGS相似.
  • 基于气旋的系统提高了污泥密度,沉积能力和去除,增加了处理能力.
  • 微空气-有氧配置诱导颗粒,确保稳定性,消除澄清器,减少足迹和能源需求.

结论:

  • AGS-CFRs为升级废水处理基础设施提供了可行的技术.
  • 对颗粒化机制,长期稳定性和营养物质去除的进一步研究对于更广泛的采用至关重要.
  • 这些系统可以减少废水处理的土地和能源消耗.