检测到无效信息时,可以忽略吗?
Adam T Ramsey1, Yanjun Liu2,3, Jennifer S Trueblood3
1Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University.
Psychological science
|March 14, 2024
概括
即使人们发现错误信息,他们仍然可能将其纳入他们的信仰. 这项研究表明,即使有警告,量化错误信息暴露也会影响判断.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 信息科学 信息科学 信息科学
背景情况:
- 社交媒体促进了信息的快速传播,增加了对错误信息的暴露.
- 个人在形成信念时可能不知不觉地使用不准确的定量数据.
研究的目的:
- 调查个人是否可以忽略错误报告的定量信息.
- 为了确定人们的估计是否被他们识别的无效数据所偏见.
主要方法:
- 通过亚马逊机械土耳其人招募的815名美国成年人进行了五项实验.
- 参与者从含有异常值 (无效值) 的高斯分布中估计了平均值.
- 研究了视觉警告和任务变化的对忽略错误信息的影响.
主要成果:
- 参与者在定量数据中成功检测出异常值.
- 尽管检测到异常值,但估计仍然偏向于无效异常值.
- 警告和各种情景并不能完全防止有偏见的估计.
结论:
- 个人可能会将检测到的错误信息纳入他们的信念形成中.
- 即使个人试图忽视无效的定量信息,认知偏见仍然存在.
- 了解这些偏见对于打击错误信息的影响至关重要.
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