在SARS-CoV-2变种的鼻腔和嗅觉感染特征的演变
Mengfei Chen1, Andrew Pekosz2,3, Jason S Villano3
1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
The Journal of clinical investigation
|March 14, 2024
概括
SARS-CoV-2 变种显示出不断变化的鼻腔感染模式,影响COVID-19 严重程度. 年轻的宿主更容易受到嗅觉神经感染,而老年人则经历病毒清除延迟.
科学领域:
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 病变的发生和发病.
背景情况:
- 上呼吸道的SARS-CoV-2感染在COVID-19病变发生过程中至关重要.
- 了解病毒热带和宿主免疫反应是解释疾病变异性的关键.
研究的目的:
- 描述不同SARS-CoV-2菌株的鼻腔热带.
- 为了研究鼻上表皮中的病毒清除和宿主再生机制.
- 为了将病毒演变与COVID-19的临床特征和长期COVID相关联.
主要方法:
- 在人鼻腔活检的体外感染.
- 在体内子模型的SARS-CoV-2感染.
- 对病毒热带性,细胞入侵和跨变体 (WA1,Delta,Omicron) 免疫反应的分析.
- 评估与年龄相关的病毒清除和细胞分裂的差异.
主要成果:
- 随着病毒的进化,SARS-CoV-2的热带性从嗅觉上皮转移到呼吸上皮.
- 德尔塔变种显示了更广泛的亚粘膜入侵;奥米克朗显示了增强的呼吸道感染和保留.
- 嗅觉神经元感染和嗅觉球泡运输在年轻的主体中更为明显.
- 衰老的嗅觉粘膜显示病毒清除延迟,细胞功能障碍和减少与细胞形成相关的基因.
- 基础干细胞激活驱动神经上皮再生和感染后的ACE2恢复.
结论:
- 随着SARS-CoV-2鼻腔热带的演变,影响了COVID-19的呈现和长期COVID.
- 病毒感染和清除的年龄相关差异会影响疾病的严重程度.
- 了解这些动态可以为有针对性的早期干预策略提供信息.
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