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相关概念视频

The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

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An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication...
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Replication in Prokaryotes01:32

Replication in Prokaryotes

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DNA replication has three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Replication in prokaryotes begins when initiator proteins bind to the single origin of replication (ori) on the cell's circular chromosome. Replication then proceeds around the entire circle of the chromosome in each direction from the two replication forks, resulting in two DNA molecules.
Many Proteins Work Together to Replicate the Chromosome
Replication is coordinated and carried out by a host of specialized...
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Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

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In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
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Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

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DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
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The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

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DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with...
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DNA Replication02:40

DNA Replication

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DNA replication involves the separation of the two strands of the double helix, with each strand serving as a template from which the new complementary strand is copied.  After replication, each double-stranded DNA includes one parental or “old” strand and one “new” strand. This is known as semiconservative replication. The resulting DNA molecules have the same sequence and are divided equally into the two daughter cells.
Replication in Prokaryotes
DNA replication...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 1, 2025

Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase
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Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase

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分叉合指导DNA复制的延长和终结

Yang Liu1,2, Zhengrong Zhangding1, Xuhao Liu1

  • 1The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Genome Editing Research Center, Peking University; Beijing 100871, China.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 14, 2024
PubMed
概括

研究人员发现了连接复制分叉的"喷泉式"DNA结构,揭示了DNA复制是如何协调的. 这一对基因组稳定至关重要的过程在癌症中被破坏,导致基因组删除.

更多相关视频

Strand-Specific Analysis of Proteins at Replicating DNA Strands by Enrichment and Sequencing of Protein-Associated Nascent DNA Method
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Strand-Specific Analysis of Proteins at Replicating DNA Strands by Enrichment and Sequencing of Protein-Associated Nascent DNA Method

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Visualization of DNA Replication in the Vertebrate Model System DT40 using the DNA Fiber Technique
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Visualization of DNA Replication in the Vertebrate Model System DT40 using the DNA Fiber Technique

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相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jul 1, 2025

Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase
07:27

Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase

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Strand-Specific Analysis of Proteins at Replicating DNA Strands by Enrichment and Sequencing of Protein-Associated Nascent DNA Method
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Visualization of DNA Replication in the Vertebrate Model System DT40 using the DNA Fiber Technique
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Visualization of DNA Replication in the Vertebrate Model System DT40 using the DNA Fiber Technique

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科学领域:

  • 分子生物学
  • 基因组学
  • 细胞生物学

背景情况:

  • 细胞基因组复制需要在多个来源及时启动DNA复制.
  • 复制分叉从原点向双方向发展,并在遇到融合分叉时结束.
  • 了解复制分叉的空间协调对于基因组完整性至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 研究DNA复制分叉的协调和空间组织.
  • 在复制过程中捕获和分析涉及新生DNA的染色体相互作用.

主要方法:

  • 开发一种新的与复制相关的现场HiC方法.
  • 在人类和小鼠基因组中涉及新生DNA的染色质接触的分析.

主要成果:

  • 识别了2000多个类似喷泉的染色质接触结构,表明结合的DNA复制分叉.
  • 证明复制分叉相互作用发生在姐妹分叉和来自不同来源的分叉之间,以促进终止.
  • 观察到终结相关的染色质喷泉对复制应激敏感,并与癌症中的基因组删除有关.

结论:

  • 这项研究揭示了DNA复制分叉在染色质环境中的新型空间组织.
  • 复制分叉合在预先确定的复制终结和基因组稳定性中起着至关重要的作用.
  • 复制分叉协调和相关结构的破坏有助于癌症的基因组不稳定.