工业化人类的纤维素降解肠道细菌的神秘多样性
Sarah Moraïs1,2,3, Sarah Winkler1,2,3, Alvah Zorea1,2,3
1National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 14, 2024
概括
人的肠道微生物拥有细胞体来消化植物纤维, 这一过程以前缺乏证据. 这些来自反动物的微生物在工业化社会正在减少,
科学领域:
- 微生物学
- 人类肠道微生物组
- 食物纤维的代谢
背景情况:
- 哺乳动物依赖肠道微生物消化纤维素,
- 人体肠道中纤维素发酵的直接证据是有限的.
研究的目的:
- 在人类肠道中识别和描述能够降解纤维素的微生物种类.
- 研究这些纤维素降解微生物的起源和进化适应.
- 评估这些微生物在不同的人群和生活方式中的流行程度.
主要方法:
- 对人类肠道微生物群的基因组分析.
- 鉴定菌物种及其功能性细胞体结构.
- 植物遗传学分析以追踪微生物起源和基因获取.
- 在不同的人群中进行比较的流行研究.
主要成果:
- 在人类肠道微生物群中发现菌种组合功能细胞体.
- 这些物种的水平基因转移和饮食相关适应的证据.
- 在古老的狩猎采集者和农村人口中大量存在.
- 在工业化社会中很少见,
结论:
- 在人类肠道中存在具有纤维素体能力的特定菌种.
- 这些微生物很可能从反动物转移到人类肠道环境中.
- 它们在工业化社会中的衰落表明它们在西方化的生活方式中丧失了必要的纤维降解功能.
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