哺乳动物物种的线粒体基因组可塑性
Bálint Biró1,2, Zoltán Gál3, Zsófia Fekete4
1Agribiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Department of Animal Biotechnology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Szent-Györgyi Albert str. 4, 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary. biro.balint@uni-mate.hu.
BMC genomics
|March 15, 2024
概括
线粒体DNA序列正在整合到核基因组中. 侧边区域的重复元素显著影响了这一过程,导致了分析哺乳动物中这些事件的新计算管道.
科学领域:
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 生物信息学是一种生物信息学.
背景情况:
- 线粒体序列越来越多地被发现融入了整个真核生物的核基因组.
- 这些核集成的线粒体序列 (NIM) 对癌症,法医,遗传学和真核生物进化有影响.
- 之前的研究缺乏标准化的方法,阻碍了跨种群NIM模式的比较分析.
研究的目的:
- 开发一种标准化,统一的计算管道,用于在哺乳动物基因组中挖掘核局部化的线粒体序列 (NIM).
- 分析与NIM整合相关的侧边地区的特征.
- 为识别NIM及其集成环境构建一个预测模型.
主要方法:
- 开发一条通用采矿管道,用于在所有哺乳动物基因组中识别NIM.
- 统计分析NIM边缘地区的重复元素.
- 机器学习的应用,以确定在集成过程中具有影响力的因素.
主要成果:
- 某些重复元素的频率在NIM的侧边区域明显高于预期.
- 附带区域的重复元素和结构特征是影响线粒体序列整合的关键因素.
- 一个机器学习模型根据这些特征准确地预测NIM及其侧边区域.
结论:
- 开发的管道为未来对核局部化线粒体序列的研究提供了验证的基线.
- 边缘DNA中的结构特征和重复元素是线粒体序列集成到核基因组的关键决定因素.
- 这项工作使用迄今为止最大的数据集来确认和量化这些因素的意义.
相关概念视频
Animal Mitochondrial Genetics
7.6K
Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
7.6K
Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes
12.5K
The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
12.5K
Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes
3.7K
A eukaryotic cell can have up to three different types of genetic systems: nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplast. During evolution, organelles have exported many genes to the nucleus; this transfer is still ongoing in some plant species. Approximately 18% of the Arabidopsis thaliana nuclear genome is thought to be derived from the chloroplast’s cyanobacterial ancestor, and around 75% of the yeast genome derived from the mitochondria’s bacterial ancestor. This export has occurred...
3.7K
Non-nuclear Inheritance
21.5K
Most DNA resides in the nucleus of a cell. However, some organelles in the cell cytoplasm—such as chloroplasts and mitochondria—also have their own DNA. These organelles replicate their DNA independently of the nuclear DNA of the cell in which they reside. Non-nuclear inheritance describes the inheritance of genes from structures other than the nucleus.
21.5K
Overview of Transposition and Recombination
15.5K
Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
15.5K
Multi-species Conserved Sequences
3.9K
Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved...
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved...
3.9K


