通过肠道衍生的荷尔蒙格林林调节周围组织基质代谢
Nicole M Notaro1, David J Dyck1
1Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
Metabolism open
|March 15, 2024
概括
格雷林是一种激素,调节营养物质的处理. 乙基化格林 (AG) 和未乙基化格林 (unAG) 都会影响各种组织中的胰岛素敏感性和脂质代谢.
科学领域:
- 内分泌学 在内分泌学.
- 代谢研究研究 代谢研究
- 营养物质的新陈代谢
背景情况:
- 格林,特别是酸格林 (AG),在饭前升高,刺激食欲和生长激素.
- 在急性情况下,AG可以引起胰岛素耐药性,但慢性AG和未化 ghrelin (unAG) 可以改善骨肌肉的胰岛素敏感性.
- 格林会影响脂质代谢,促进脂肪储存在肝脏和脂肪组织中,同时增强骨肌肉中的氧化.
研究的目的:
- 审查格林异型 (AG和unAG) 对外围组织的代谢作用.
- 探索格林在营养处理中的作用的生理相关性.
- 这表明格林的潜力作为一个关键调节器在食后状态.
主要方法:
- 文献综述总结了关于格林的代谢作用的现有研究.
- 对格林对胰腺,脂肪组织,肝脏和骨肌肉的影响的分析.
- 关于体内生理学相关性和对代谢疾病的影响的猜测.
主要成果:
- 格林氨酸的异型在不同组织中不同影响胰岛素敏感性和脂质代谢.
- 格雷林对骨肌肉的有益作用因高脂肪饮食和不活动而减弱.
- 格林可以作为一种在食前信号,用于脂质处理和食后营养调节.
结论:
- 格林在营养代谢中起着复杂的作用,影响胰岛素敏感性和脂质处理.
- 格林在骨肌肉中的作用失调可能会导致代谢疾病的发病.
- 格林被提议作为一种关键激素,用于管理营养素,特别是脂质,在食后期.
相关概念视频
01:30Regulation of Food Intake
228
Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
228
01:19Regulation of Metabolism
9.4K
Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
9.4K
01:02Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose
1.6K
Carbohydrates consumed through foods are converted into glucose, a crucial energy source for the body. In the prandial state, high blood glucose levels stimulate the secretion of insulin from the pancreas. Insulin inhibits hepatic glucose production and stimulates glucose uptake and metabolism by muscle and adipose tissue. The excess glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and muscles.
During fasting, when blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas secretes glucagon. it...
During fasting, when blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas secretes glucagon. it...
1.6K
01:40Hormonal Regulation
43.5K
Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.
43.5K
01:16Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose
3.3K
Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
3.3K
01:09GPCRs Regulate Adenylyl Cylase Activity
5.5K
Some GPCRs transmit signals through adenylyl cyclase (AC), a transmembrane enzyme. AC helps synthesize second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). AC catalyzes cyclization reaction and converts ATP to cAMP by releasing a pyrophosphate. The pyrophosphate is further hydrolyzed to phosphate by the enzyme pyrophosphatase, which drives cAMP synthesis to completion. However, cAMP is rapidly degraded to 5′ AMP by the enzymes phosphodiesterase (PDE), preventing overstimulation of...
5.5K