大型语言模型可以对医学问题进行推理吗?
Valentin Liévin1,2, Christoffer Egeberg Hother3, Andreas Geert Motzfeldt1
1Section for Cognitive Systems, Technical University of Denmark, Anker Engelunds Vej 101, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
Patterns (New York, N.Y.)
|March 15, 2024
概括
大型语言模型在医学问答方面表现有前途,GPT-3.5和Llama 2在具有挑战性的美国医学执照考试基准上取得了合格分数. 这些人工智能模型在复杂的医疗场景中展示了推理和知识回忆能力.
科学领域:
- 人工智能的人工智能
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 自然语言处理自然语言处理.
背景情况:
- 大型语言模型 (LLM) 展示了先进的能力,但它们在医学等专业领域的实际表现并未得到充分理解.
- 评估LLM需要评估他们的推理能力和特定领域的知识应用.
- 医疗基准为医疗保健环境中的AI性能提供了严格的测试台.
研究的目的:
- 调查闭源和开源LLM在复杂,现实世界的医学问题上的表现.
- 评估不同提示策略的有效性,包括链式思维,少数射击和检索增强.
- 为了确定LLMs是否可以在医疗执照考试中达到专家级别的表现.
主要方法:
- 对GPT-3.5和Llama 2模型在三个医学问答数据集上的评估:MedQA-USMLE,MedMCQA和PubMedQA.QA.
- 应用各种提示技术:思维链 (CoT),几次射击学习和检索增强.
- 专家对生成的CoT进行注释,以评估推理质量.
- 使用快速工程技术,如GPT-3.5.5.的少数拍摄和合奏方法.
主要成果:
- InstructGPT在阅读,推理和回忆专家医疗知识方面表现出熟练,这一点由其思维链输出的专家注释证实.
- 使用先进的提示工程,GPT-3.5在MedQA-USMLE (60.2%),MedMCQA (62.7%) 和PubMedQA (78.2%) 中获得了通过分数,并对预测分布进行了校准.
- 开源模型正在迅速改进,Llama 2 70B超越了MedQA-USMLE的合格门 (62.5%的准确性).
结论:
- LLM,特别是GPT-3.5,显示出有很大的潜力来协助复杂的医学推理和问题答案.
- 快速工程技术对于优化专业领域的LLM性能至关重要.
- 医疗AI中闭源和开源模型之间的性能差距正在缩小,这表明医疗保健可访问的AI解决方案的进展.
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