自闭症青少年的性别差异 极度早产
Tyler C McFayden1, Clare Harrop2,3, Kyle Roell4,5
1Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. tyler_mcfayden@med.unc.edu.
Journal of autism and developmental disorders
|March 15, 2024
概括
极度早产的自闭症男性在诊断措施上表现出比女性更多的自闭症特征,但不是查器. 这表明自闭症查人员可能会错过极度早产的青少年,特别是女性的病例.
科学领域:
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
- 儿科心理学 儿科心理学
- 遗传学和基因组学 遗传学和基因组学
背景情况:
- 自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 是一种影响社会互动和沟通的神经发育状况.
- 自闭症患病率和症状呈现的性别差异在满期人口中得到了充分记录.
- 极度早产 (EP) 是ASD的风险因素,但这一群体中性别特异性自闭症特征的理解较少.
研究的目的:
- 在被诊断为ASD的极度早产 (EP) 的儿童中调查自闭症特征的性别差异.
- 为了比较自闭症特征使用黄金标准的诊断措施和查工具在10岁.
主要方法:
- 来自极低妊娠年龄新生儿研究 (ELGAN) 的857名EP婴儿 (妊娠23-27周) 的纵向队列被跟踪到10年.
- 诊断出ASD的61名EP婴儿 (20名女性) 被分析了自闭症特征的性别差异.
- 数据采集使用ASD查仪 (M-CHAT,SCQ,SRS-2) 和诊断措施 (ADOS-2,ADI-R),分析包括推断和贝叶斯统计数据.
主要成果:
- 男性在社会影响 (ADOS-2) 和重复性和限制性行为 (ADI-R) 中的得分明显高于女性.
- 边际证据表明,男性在非语言和语言沟通 (ADI-R) 上得分更高.
- 在2岁或10岁的ASD查器 (M-CHAT,SCQ,SRS-2) 上没有发现显著的性别差异.
结论:
- 极度早产的自闭症男性在10岁时的诊断评估中表现出比女性更多的自闭症特征.
- 这些发现与在长期自闭症青少年中观察到的性别差异相似.
- 当前的自闭症查人员可能未能在EP年轻人,特别是女性中识别出自闭症,这凸显了需要改进诊断方法的需要.
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