地面反应力是否会因曲线和越来越高的冲刺速度而改变?
Benjamin Millot1,2,3, Didier Pradon4, Giuseppe Cecchelli1,2,3,5
1French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), Paris, France.
由于变化的地面反应力,冲刺性能在曲线上下降. 运动员减少前向力,增加侧向力来导航曲线,影响整体速度.
科学领域:
- 冲刺运动的生物力学
- 竞技表现分析运动员表现分析
- 运动科学 运动科学
背景情况:
- 在200米和400米比赛中,很大一部分是在曲线上进行的.
- 众所周知,与直线截面相比,冲刺性能在曲线上下降.
- 这种性能下降的潜在生物力学原因尚未完全理解.
研究的目的:
- 确定解释曲线中短跑性能下降的特定动力参数.
- 为了比较曲线和直线冲刺之间的地面反应力和其他生物力学变量.
主要方法:
- 19名经验丰富的短跑者在直线和曲线 (41.58米半径) 上进行了最大10-40米的短跑.
- 测量包括垂直,前后和中侧的地面反应力,冲动和立场时间.
- 在不同的冲刺距离上,分析了左肢和右肢的数据.
主要成果:
- 与直线相比,40米冲刺时间在曲线上更长.
- 曲线冲刺显示垂直 (Fz) 和前后 (F_AP) 力量减少,但中侧 (F_ML) 力量增加.
- 增加的中侧侧面力表明更多的中侧脚位,左肢力学发生了变化,观察到更长的姿势时间.
结论:
- 在曲线中冲刺性能降低与垂直和前后地面反应力降低有关.
- 观察到的变化很可能是对曲线运动需求的适应,需要更大的中侧侧向力应用.
- 了解这些运动差异可以为训练策略提供信息,以提高曲线冲刺效率.
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