维生素C,E和β-胡卜素与2型糖尿病的风险:系统性审查和元分析
Anna-Maria Lampousi1, Therese Lundberg2, Josefin E Löfvenborg3
1Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)
|March 17, 2024
概括
像维生素C,维生素E和β-胡卜素这样的饮食抗氧化剂与2型糖尿病 (T2D) 的风险降低有关. 然而,补充维生素E和β-胡卜素在随机对照试验中没有显示出保护作用.
科学领域:
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 内分泌学 在内分泌学.
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 2型糖尿病 (T2D) 是一个重要的全球健康问题.
- 饮食中的抗氧化剂,包括维生素C,维生素E和β-胡卜素,被假设在T2D预防中发挥作用.
- 现有研究对这些抗氧化剂在T2D和相关代谢特征方面的有效性提出了不同的发现.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和元分析饮食摄入量,补充剂和维生素C,维生素E,β-胡卜素和T2D以及相关特征的循环水平之间的关联.
- 评估这些抗氧化剂对胰岛素抵抗和β细胞功能的影响.
- 评估这些关联的证据的确定性.
主要方法:
- 系统审查和对前性观察性研究和随机对照试验 (RCT) 的元分析,发表时间为2023年5月.
- 纳入标准侧重于检查饮食摄入量,补充剂或维生素C,E和β-胡卜素的循环水平作为暴露的研究.
- 结果包括T2D发病率,胰岛素耐药性和β细胞功能. 随机效应模型和GRADE框架用于分析.
主要成果:
- 观察性研究表明,饮食/循环抗氧化剂与T2D风险之间存在反向关联.
- 与最低T2D风险相关的最佳饮食摄入量:维生素C (70 mg/d),维生素E (12 mg/d) 和β-胡卜素 (4 mg/d).
- 在RCT中补充维生素E和β-胡卜素并没有显著降低T2D风险;对维生素C补充的数据有限. 更高的食维生素C和维生素E补充剂与降低胰岛素抵抗有关.
结论:
- 适度饮食摄入维生素C,E和β-胡卜素可能有助于预防T2D,可能通过改善胰岛素抵抗.
- 补充研究表明,充足而不是高的抗氧化剂摄入量可能是预防T2D的关键.
- 对饮食维生素E和β-胡卜素与T2D相关的证据存在很高的确定性,而其他关联的确定性低至中等.
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