在PubMed发表的研究设计的分析从1963年到2023年的囚犯健康摘要:一个文本挖掘研究研究
George Karystianis1, Wilson Lukmanjaya2, Iain Buchan3
1School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. g.karystianis@unsw.edu.au.
监禁人口的研究受到复杂的研究设计的限制. 这项研究发现,虽然观察设计在流行病学犯罪学中很常见,但实验研究,包括随机对照试验,仍然很少,阻碍了对囚犯的基于证据的健康干预.
科学领域:
- 流行病学犯罪学
- 公共卫生研究 公共卫生研究
- 司法系统研究 司法系统研究
背景情况:
- 涉及监禁人口的研究带来了独特的挑战,往往阻碍了诸如随机对照试验之类的复杂研究设计.
- 了解该领域的研究设计风景对于评估研究质量及其对健康和司法结果的影响至关重要.
- 强有力的证据的有限可用性可能会阻碍对囚犯和罪犯的有效健康干预.
研究的目的:
- 从大量流行病学犯罪学研究中计算提取和分析研究设计.
- 评估这个研究领域中不同研究设计的普遍性,特别是实验性研究设计的普遍性.
- 识别证据上的差距,并为改善犯罪人口研究研究质量的研究策略提供信息.
主要方法:
- 基于规则的方法被用于从34481个PubMed摘要中提取研究设计在流行病学犯罪学 (1963-2023) 中.
- 提取的设计与科学证据的层次结构进行了比较.
- 方法验证是使用100个摘要的随机样本进行的,F1-Score为92.2%.
主要成果:
- 大约40%的摘要包含可提取的研究设计信息.
- 观察性研究是最常见的设计 (37.3%),其次是实验性试验 (16.9%).
- 提取的设计中有很大一部分 (13.7%) 不能被分类;在其他部分中,随机对照试验仅占8.7%.
结论:
- 从大规模的流行病学犯罪学文献中计算提取研究设计是可行的.
- 高级证据研究的比例,包括试验,系统审查和元分析,仍然很低 (约为每5篇文章中的1篇).
- 尽管出版物总体增加,但研究设计的关键细节往往缺失,这表明持续缺乏实验证据来解决被监禁和犯罪人口的健康需求.
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