障碍如何变得不可见:儿童对长期稳定的约束不那么敏感
Jamie Amemiya1, Gail D Heyman2, Caren M Walker2
1Department of Psychology, Occidental College, Los Angeles, USA.
Developmental science
|March 18, 2024
概括
随着时间的推移,儿童对稳定的,现实世界的约束变得不那么敏感. 然而,观察各种选择首先可以增强孩子对概率和确定性约束的理解.
科学领域:
- 认知发展 认知发展
- 社会认知是指社会认知.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
背景情况:
- 孩子们在推断别人的偏好时,往往很难考虑现实世界的限制.
- 这与他们在实验环境中对约束的敏感性形成鲜明对比,这表明理解的差距.
- 稳定,现实世界的约束可能会随着时间的推移而失去显著性,导致这种差异.
研究的目的:
- 研究观察到的约束的稳定性如何影响儿童对这些约束的敏感性.
- 检查先前接触到各种选择是否会影响儿童识别约束的能力.
- 区分稳定与不稳定约束对儿童社会推断的影响.
主要方法:
- 儿童 (N=133,年龄5-12岁) 被分配到一个稳定或不稳定的状态.
- 稳定条件首先涉及观察受限制的行为体,而不稳定条件则涉及观察具有更多选择的行为体.
- 约束是决定性的 (没有其他选择) 或概率性的 (难以访问的选择).
主要成果:
- 稳定状态的儿童在试验中对概率约束的敏感性下降.
- 对约束的敏感性在概率和确定性类型的不稳定条件中得到增强.
- 接触到更大的选择环境改善了儿童的整体约束识别.
结论:
- 约束的稳定性会随着时间的推移导致儿童的敏感性降低.
- 给孩子提供更多选择的环境,提高了他们识别和考虑各种约束的能力.
- 调查结果强调了在儿童发展社会推理技能时考虑上下文因素的重要性.
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