递归数字系统优化了词典大小和平均形态语法复杂度之间的权衡

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Milica Denić¹, Jakub Szymanik²

¹Department of Linguistics, Tel Aviv University.

Cognitive science

|March 18, 2024

概括

语言平衡了简单性和精确性,通过将词汇大小与形态语法复杂性进行交易,特别是在自然数等领域. 这项研究揭示了塑造语言词典的三个关键压力,以实现最佳的沟通效率.

科学领域:

语言类型学的语言类型学.
计算语言学计算语言学
语言的演变语言的演变

背景情况:

人类语言在词汇化方面表现出差异,受制于对简单性 (词典大小) 和信息性 (精度) 的竞争压力.
在一些语义领域,由于生产性形态语法和构成语义,高信息性是通过很少的词汇化含义实现的.
自然数的语义领域就是一个例子,语言使用复杂的数字来传达精确的含义,尽管词典很小.

研究的目的:

调查解释语义化模式的因素在语义领域的高信息性和低语义化,如自然数.
提出和测试一个涉及词典大小和数字系统中的形态语法复杂性的权衡模型.
确定塑造语言词典的关键压力,以提高沟通效率.

主要方法:

在128种自然语言中分析数字系统.
计算建模以评估词典大小和平均形态语法复杂度之间的权衡.
与关于沟通效率和语言结构的现有理论进行比较.

主要成果:

数字系统在最小化词典大小和最小化平均形态语法复杂性之间展示了近乎最佳的权衡.
词典大小在具有生产性形态表达的领域中与信息性没有直接竞争.
语言平衡压力以尽量减少词汇大小的压力,以尽量减少发言形态语法复杂性的压力.

结论:

语言词典是由三个压力之间的权衡所塑造的:简单性,信息性和最小化平均形态语法复杂性.
这些发现挑战了在特定的语义领域中对语言变异的传统双压力模型.
这项研究为语言结构的多面优化过程提供了计算证据.

关键词:

平均形态语法复杂度平均形态语法复杂度信息性信息性的一个数字的数量数量.数字是指数字中的数字.一个简单的简单性.这是一个权衡的权衡.

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