非洲森林大象Loxodonta cyclotis中的呼叫组合
Daniela Hedwig1, Anna Kohlberg2
1Elephant Listening Project, K. Lisa Yang Center for Conservation Bioacoustics, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America.
PloS one
|March 18, 2024
概括
非洲森林大象结合不同的呼叫来传达复杂的信息,类似于人类的语法. 这种声音组合,特别是在年轻的大象中,在高风险的情况中发出痛苦和身份的信号.
科学领域:
- 伦理学 伦理学 伦理学
- 生物声学是一种生物声学.
- 动物沟通动物沟通
背景情况:
- 人类语言的语法能够通过结合基本单元来实现复杂的表达.
- 研究动物的发声,比如大象的叫声,可以了解沟通复杂性的演变.
- 非洲森林大象 (Loxodonta cyclotis) 使用声进行社会协调,使用宽带电话发出紧急信号.
研究的目的:
- 研究非洲森林大象的组合发声 (宽带呼叫 + 声) 的功能和背景.
- 在不同的社会背景下,比较单个电话与联合电话的使用情况.
- 探索大象呼叫组合和人类语法结构之间的潜在相似之处.
主要方法:
- 对非洲森林大象发声的观察研究.
- 对通话类型 (声,宽带通话,组合) 和它们在各种社会环境中的发生情况进行分析.
- 通过不同年龄,性别等级和社会情况比较通话使用情况.
主要成果:
- 呼叫组合是由所有年龄性别类别产生的,不成熟个体的流行率更高.
- 单个声发生在五个环境中,而单个宽带呼叫仅限于两个资源环境.
- 在所有五种情况下都发现了呼叫组合,表明功能使用扩大,并转向竞争和分离等高风险情况.
结论:
- 将宽带呼叫与声相结合,增加了宽带发声的功能范围,类似于人类语法.
- 呼叫组合可以通过传达危险和身份来减少高风险场景中的消息模两可.
- 这种复杂的沟通对于资源竞争,预防伤害和森林大象的社会凝聚力至关重要.
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