门诊访问和抗生素使用由于高性肺炎球菌疫苗血清型
Laura M King1, Kristin L Andrejko2, Sarah Kabbani3
1School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.
The Journal of infectious diseases
|March 18, 2024
概括
高性肺炎球菌联合疫苗 (PCV15/PCV20) 可以显著减少儿科呼吸道感染和抗生素使用. 与PCV20额外血清型相比,PCV20额外血清型的诊所和处方负担是PCV15额外血清型的五倍以上.
科学领域:
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 儿科健康 儿科健康
背景情况:
- 肺炎球菌结合疫苗 (PCV15/PCV20) 建议在2022-2023年为婴儿使用.
- 估计新疫苗血清型对儿科呼吸道感染的影响至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 估计与PCV15-和PCV20-附加血清型相关的疾病的美国儿童 (≤17岁) 门诊和抗生素处方的发生率.
- 量化PCV15和PCV20对儿科呼吸道疾病和抗生素使用的潜在影响.
主要方法:
- 利用国家医疗保健调查和MarketScan数据库来得出所有原因的发病率.
- 使用修改的疫苗探针方法和元分析估计PCV15/20额外的血清型归因分数.
- 针对特定肺炎球菌血清型的诊所和抗生素处方的计算发病率.
主要成果:
- 额外的PCV15血清型与每1000名儿童每年2.7次访问和2.4次抗生素处方有关.
- 额外的PCV20血清型占每年每1000名儿童的15.0次访问和13.2次抗生素处方.
- 额外的PCV15/20血清型分别占儿科门诊抗生素使用的0.4%和2.1%.
结论:
- 与PCV15附加血清型相比,PCV20附加血清型对疾病和抗生素使用的负担要高得多.
- 高性肺炎球菌联合疫苗,特别是PCV20,显示出预防儿科肺炎球菌呼吸道感染和减少抗生素消耗的潜力.
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