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气候变化即将通过生物现象学转变改变山脉溪流生态系统过程
Kyle Leathers1, David Herbst2, Guillermo de Mendoza1,3
1Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720.
概括
气候变化加快了融雪的速度,改变了山脉溪流的生态系统. 较早的低流量条件会破坏无脊椎动物表态和食物网动态,即使整个社区结构看起来稳定.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 气候变化生物学 气候变化生物学
背景情况:
- 气候变化对全球生物现象学和生态系统过程产生影响.
- 山流生态系统对雪融时间的变化很敏感.
- 改变流量制度对复杂流域群体的影响尚未完全理解.
研究的目的:
- 调查较早的融雪如何影响山河生物的表观和生态系统过程.
- 评估模拟气候变化驱动的低流量条件对溪流社区的影响.
主要方法:
- 在加利福尼亚州内华达山脉东部使用溪流道进行了户外中宇宙实验.
- 模拟提前恢复到夏季基流条件 (3-6周早).
- 测量了水温的变化,生物膜的产生,无脊椎动物的现象学和新出现的昆虫流动.
主要成果:
- 早些时候的低流量条件增加了水温,并将生物膜产量与呼吸比率降低了32%.
- 大多数无脊椎动物物种 (56%的盆地,67%的新兴物种) 由于低流处理而表现出现象变化.
- Chironomidae的新兴流量翻了一番,有利于普遍的河岸捕食者,表明食物网动态发生了变化.
结论:
- 气候变化引起的较早的融雪和低流量事件显著改变了山脉溪流食物网的动态.
- 在无脊椎动物中微小的现象学变化可以导致新的捕食者-猎物相互作用,或"匹配"/"不匹配".
- 生态系统过程和社区结构可能每年看起来稳定,但在更细微的时间尺度上受到现象学变化的重大影响.
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